Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
3,429 listings
  • $10,845
    fair price
    $557 above market
    • 104,203 miles
    • 3 accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Nora Auto Sales (157 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 157 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AMAZING FIRST TIME BUYER PROGRAMGOOD CREDIT BAD CREDIT NO PROBLEM!WARRANTY PROGRAMS AVAILABLEREFERRAL FEE PROGRAMLOW INTEREST RATES (PLEASE INQUIRE WI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B1C5XEPV79045
    Stock: V79045
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $7,995
    fair price
    $22 above market
    • 169,841 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Premier Nissan Mall of Georgia (169 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 169 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Alpine White 2016 BMW 3 Series 328i RWD PANORAMIC ROOF, SUNROOF-MOONROOF, LEATHER SEATS, POWER LOCKS, POWER WINDOWS, LOCAL TRADE-IN, BLUETOOTH, USB IP...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E9G56GNT85908
    Stock: 342899A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,971
    fair price
    $651 above market
    • 87,389 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Capital Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (178 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Garner, NC / 178 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Capital Chrysler Jeep Dodge - NC is excited to offer this superb 2016 BMW 3 Series Mineral Gray Metallic 328i xDrive.CARFAX CERTIFIED **, EXTENDED S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3G59GNT26042
    Stock: DTJ07799A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $11,712
    fair price
    $301 below market
    • 74,835 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Bondy's Nissan (324 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dothan, AL / 324 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBAKF9C52CE858920
    Stock: 000C4620
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • $9,901
    fair price
    $210 above market
    • 109,647 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Knoxville (215 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 215 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Heated Seats, Rain Sensing Wipers, Keyless Start, Alloy Wheels, DRIVER ASSISTANCE PACKAGE, HEATED FRONT SEATS, Turbo. CLICK ME! KEY FEATURES INCLUDE K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E1G58GNT99536
    Stock: 142611U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • $13,775
    fair price
    $799 above market
    • 99,211 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Elite Auto Wholesale (303 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 303 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3G57GNU03877
    Stock: u03877a
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-11-2024

  • $12,858
    fair price
    $596 above market
    • 114,020 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarNGo (305 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 305 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Leather, Sunroof/Moonroof, Bluetooth, Heated Seats, Review Camera, Keyless Entry, AWD, Advanced Real-Time Traffic Information, BMW Online BMW Apps, Co...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3G51GNU01168
    Stock: U01168M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-23-2025

  • $15,995
    fair price
    $534 above market
    • 80,875 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Ammoury Auto (394 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Falls Church, VA / 394 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Non-smoker owner, Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, very good tires, Regularly maintained, Lots of storage, Arctic cold a/c, No pets, Seats as good as n...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3G5XGNT76478
    Stock: 2699
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,300
    fair price
    $383 above market
    • 107,284 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • G Motors Waterford (497 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Vineland, NJ / 497 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B3G50ENR82131
    Stock: VNEENR82131
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 84,324 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 4 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Ride Plaza (167 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Loganville, GA / 167 miles away from Columbia, SC

    To see if you can be approved for the car s loan from our partners please fill out the application.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3A5G51ENP28734
    Stock: P28734
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-09-2025

    • 109,832 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Journey Auto Sales (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 79 miles away from Columbia, SC

    PRICE : $10,397|MILEAGE : 109,832|VIN : WBA3C3G55ENR25114|________________________________________________________________________________|A+ BBB rati...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3C3G55ENR25114
    Stock: SR25114
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

    • 88,897 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Auto-Fleet (80 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Spartanburg, SC / 80 miles away from Columbia, SC

    2014 BMW 3-SERIES 328i RWD 4-DOOR 5-PASSENGER SEDAN; A NORTH CAROLINA TITLED PRE-OWNED VEHICLE w/ ONLY 89k MILES! Powered by a 2.0L 4-Cylinder Turbo G...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3A5C52EP603008
    Stock: 10498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 73,942 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Greenville (89 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 89 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E9G55GNT81686
    Stock: 27082563
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $9,475
    fair price
    $27 above market
    • 127,250 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Sterling Motorcar (495 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Ephrata, PA / 495 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B5C52EP540165
    Stock: 540165
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2024

  • New Listing
    • 46,272 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Gastonia (81 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 81 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E9C56GK644307
    Stock: 27208522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 106,442 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 43 Hwy MPG
    • Jet's Auto Sales (168 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Loganville, GA / 168 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/43 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3K5C54EKT33399
    Stock: 8887
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

    • 144,494 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Jacintos Auto Sales (230 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, TN / 230 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B1G50ENS80346
    Stock: 12506
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $7,295
    fair price
    $120 above market
    • 171,944 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 22 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Marlins Autos (386 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 386 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B5G54ENS10114
    Stock: 0013
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 101,331 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Dulles (394 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 394 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E5G51GNU20749
    Stock: 27498540
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 157,353 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 22 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Grayson Subaru (213 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 213 miles away from Columbia, SC

    PRICE DROP FROM $12,999. Dual Zone A/C, Keyless Start, Onboard Communications System, CD Player, iPod/MP3 Input, Rear Air AND MORE!KEY FEATURES INCL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3C52GK501030
    Stock: 263961G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

    • 67,940 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,774 miles away from Columbia, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B1C54EK135611
    Stock: 2003708115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

Showing 211 - 231 out of 3,429 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 3 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 3 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars70 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 70 reviews
  • 5 star
    (59%)
  • 4 star
    (20%)
  • 3 star
    (10%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

2014 328D Xdrive

SteveO, 06/01/2016
2014 BMW 3 Series 328d xDrive 4dr Sedan AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbodiesel 8A)
IMHO the recommended intervals for fluid changes are too long. I will change in-between. Also lifetime fluids don't exist once again IMHO. This is a ploy by BMW to reduce their warranty costs for maintenance and gives the false impression that ownership is not so costly. This might be fine for someone who trades often but those used ones that followed BWM's schedule will not hold up as … well. This is a fine car. It does everything well and offers great mileage without any sacrifice. We totally love the car. Costs are high all the way around but then again I'd expect them to be from such a fine auto. I'm on my 4th one now without one regret. Loved them all. The 328D offers it all. Don't buy any BMW and expect low costs for anything. If you make the purchase knowing this and maintain them well you will be a very happy BMW owner. We also currently own a 2014 335i and a cheap to maintain 2016 Toyota Tacoma limited for boat and stuff hauling. Update 1. After an additional 6,000 miles we couldn't be happier with this car. By far our favorite car ever. Good job BMW. Just keeps being a fine car. I bought a bigger sister now that will replace the 3, a 535D M Sport. Also a great car. It will be a sad day when the 3 drives off.
Report abuse

Used 2014 BMW 3 Series in Columbia, SC Values

Estimated values
2014 BMW 3 Series 320i 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$4,790$8,277$10,403
Clean$4,582$7,890$9,882
Average$4,236$7,246$9,013
Rough$3,787$6,408$7,884

The average list price of a used 2014 BMW 3 Series in Columbia, South Carolina is $12,520. The average mileage on a used BMW 3 Series 2014 for sale in Columbia, South Carolina is 106,063. Based on the average mileage of 106,063 for used 2014 BMW 3 Series for sale in Columbia, SC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 3 Series 2014 in Columbia, South Carolina to be $4,236.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.