Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,039 listings
  • $19,998
    fair price
    $143 below market
    • 65,992 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Audi South Orlando (332 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 332 miles away from Macon, GA

    Sun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatMachine Gray MetallicLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerHeads-Up DisplayCooled...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY0K0322996
    Stock: K0322996
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,994
    good price
    $386 below market
    • 83,982 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Tampa Bay (345 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 345 miles away from Macon, GA

    Sun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerHeads-Up DisplayCooled Front Seat(S)Sand; L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY9K0303475
    Stock: K0303475
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,990
    fair price
    $424 above market
    • 35,009 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 2,232 miles away from Macon, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY3H0132348
    Stock: 2003966959
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,997
    fair price
    $450 below market
    • 59,757 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Wesley Chapel (333 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Lutz, FL / 333 miles away from Macon, GA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes! Leather Seats3rd Row SeatMachine Gray MetallicLane Keeping AssistKeyle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY8K0328062
    Stock: K0328062
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,090
    fair price
    $377 below market
    • 68,652 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Pinellas Park (353 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Pinellas Park, FL / 353 miles away from Macon, GA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: all new tires! Leather Seats3rd Row SeatLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear Spoil...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY0K0317895
    Stock: K0317895
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,994
    good price
    $717 below market
    • 45,560 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Westshore Mazda (347 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 347 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY4K0328382
    Stock: 1245391A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,495
    good price
    $1,341 below market
    • 87,127 miles
    • 3 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driver's Mart (328 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Winter Park, FL / 328 miles away from Macon, GA

    This 2019 Mazda CX-9 Touring, has a Sonic Silver Metallic exterior and an Black interior color. 87,127 miles. Stock Number 10303948. You can c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY2K0303948
    Stock: 10303948
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,600
    fair price
    $1,228 below market
    • 90,238 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Zelienople, PA / 582 miles away from Macon, GA

    High Demand,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Turbo/Supercharged,Heated S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY8H0133870
    Stock: Z133870A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $14,995
    good price
    $603 below market
    • 103,547 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • AMERICARS GROUP LLC (183 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 183 miles away from Macon, GA

    My name is PAULA DAVIS and I would love to answer any questions you may have. Please feel free to contact me personally, at any time, 7 days a week, @...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADYXH0136665
    Stock: 136665
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-07-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $21,934
    good price
    $1,086 below market
    • 47,299 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Mazda of Gastonia (223 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 223 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY9K0334291
    Stock: PM2142
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $15,481
    fair price
    $62 above market
    • 105,054 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Coggin Toyota at the Avenues (228 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 228 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY4K0336997
    Stock: CTAS252995A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,270
    good price
    $341 below market
    • 93,440 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Hodges Mazda of St. Augustine (252 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in St Augustine, FL / 252 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY5H0133211
    Stock: 1240160A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,000
    fair price
    $555 below market
    • 48,855 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Ohio (488 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 488 miles away from Macon, GA

    *Disclaimer*PRICE LISTED DOES NOT INCLUDE TAX (TAX RATE VARIES DEPENDING ON STATE, CITY, & COUNTY), TITLE ($20), TEMP TAG ($20.50) MEMO-TITLE FOR REGI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDYXK0324065
    Stock: Y2759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2025

  • $19,897
    fair price
    $925 above market
    • 90,899 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Gates Ford Lincoln (338 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, KY / 338 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY9K0329803
    Stock: 329803
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-04-2025

  • $15,998
    fair price
    $227 below market
    • 110,786 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • JP Sides Mazda (449 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cape Girardeau, MO / 449 miles away from Macon, GA

    EquipmentThis unit enhances safety with a blind spot monitor, alerting drivers to potential dangers in adjacent lanes. This unit offers Automatic Clim...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY0H0131268
    Stock: U5073
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,990
    fair price
    $134 above market
    • 77,460 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Cincinnati (432 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 432 miles away from Macon, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY0K0309799
    Stock: 2003883825
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • $20,901
    fair price
    $183 below market
    • 70,917 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Hyundai of Cool Springs (276 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 276 miles away from Macon, GA

    We are thrilled to offer this 2019 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring in Soul Red Crystal Metallic with Sand Leather Seat Trim. For more details on this CX-9, c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY3K0331918
    Stock: H059785A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-27-2025

    • 10,578 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Warner Robins (19 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Warner Robins, GA / 19 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY1K0332051
    Stock: 27513949
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $19,978
    fair price
    $1,061 above market
    • 78,649 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Honda of Columbia (168 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lexington, SC / 168 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACY3K0324680
    Stock: 506109A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

  • $12,995
    fair price
    $511 above market
    • 155,210 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Turnage Motor Company (166 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lexington, SC / 166 miles away from Macon, GA

    This 2 Owner Mazda was bought nearly new by a friend - they took great care of it, yet the engine began to fail last month, and the dealership install...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY3H0127208
    Stock: 5643
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

  • $17,398
    fair price
    $787 above market
    • 89,556 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Universe (379 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 379 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY8H0138432
    Stock: 005159
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-04-2025

Showing 274 - 294 out of 1,039 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-9

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-9
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (62%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great Find!

gr8sail, 01/26/2012
2012 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (3.7L 6cyl 6A)
I needed to consolidate cars. My 13 year old 4Runner died and while I absolutely loved my Infiniti M45 Sport, I decided 3 cars ('99 MX5 Miata 10th Anniversary edition) was one too many. I wanted the cargo ccapacity of the 4Runner and the handling of the M45. I got both in the CX9 Grand Touring. This car is great! Terrific handling, good acceleration (it's not the M45) and enough high … end features and gadgets to keep me happy. Mazda understands the importance of good ergonomics. The dash and controls are laid out well. The leather seats are very comfortable. There is plenty of room, front and back, ingress and egress is easy. A perfect combination of performance and functionality
Report abuse

Used 2019 Mazda CX-9 in Macon, GA Values

Estimated values
2019 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$17,961$20,330$22,436
Clean$17,414$19,705$21,740
Average$16,502$18,663$20,581
Rough$15,316$17,309$19,073

The average list price of a used 2019 Mazda CX-9 in Macon, Georgia is $18,857. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-9 2019 for sale in Macon, Georgia is 77,075. Based on the average mileage of 77,075 for used 2019 Mazda CX-9 for sale in Macon, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-9 2019 in Macon, Georgia to be $16,502.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.