Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,523 listings
    • 61,527 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 962 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3CZRM3H39FG707351
    Stock: 27163229
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 59,857 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 1,637 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM4H56FH657867
    Stock: 2003565128
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • New Listing
    • 61,232 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 525 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM4H54FH679639
    Stock: 2003847758
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 87,584 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Modesto, CA / 607 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H79FH540960
    Stock: 27303385
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 80,449 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plainfield, IL / 1,392 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H59FL053722
    Stock: 27267460
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 84,798 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brandywine, MD / 1,959 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM4H73FH645662
    Stock: 27239269
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 83,993 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ellicott City, MD / 1,962 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H57FL047062
    Stock: 27095098
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 88,595 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Modesto, CA / 607 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H76FH523260
    Stock: 27303512
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 69,679 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 1,741 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H57FH523525
    Stock: 27508683
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 76,922 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Lafayette, LA / 1,163 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H50FH548637
    Stock: 26951316
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 59,754 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,555 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H57FL075752
    Stock: 2003812063
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

    • 70,461 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Pleasant Hill, CA / 668 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H59FH537734
    Stock: 27358747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 46,935 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,919 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM4H7XFH664497
    Stock: 2003858434
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

    • 57,534 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bristol, TN / 1,666 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H51FL111080
    Stock: 26600841
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 67,631 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Pineville, NC / 1,748 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H53FH537728
    Stock: 27232698
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 63,665 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Colma, CA / 679 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H78FH553800
    Stock: 27288902
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 82,929 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 1,397 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2HKRM3H72FH521506
    Stock: 27501422
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 73,587 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 1,732 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H97FL003615
    Stock: 27208469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 79,475 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Federal Heights, CO / 574 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H57FL008486
    Stock: 27414821
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 52,565 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Vancouver, WA / 1,028 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H54FL059783
    Stock: 27231599
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 42,802 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IN to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,475 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J6RM4H73FL045567
    Stock: 26709709
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 442 - 462 out of 2,523 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Honda CR-V

Read recent reviews for the Honda CR-V
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars108 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 108 reviews
  • 5 star
    (52%)
  • 4 star
    (31%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
3.75 out of 5 stars

Honda needs to address severe wind noise in their 2011 CRV

newsandiegan, 04/24/2011
2011 Honda CR-V EX-L 4dr SUV (2.4L 4cyl 5A)
This is my first Honda, that I love in general. I took my first Pacific Coastal Highway trip and the mileage was not as promised, but the car rode nicely. Except, that on the freeways the windows wind noise is severe. I test drove it around the dealership and never on the freeway at 70 miles, my mistake. However, I do want Honda to know as dealership says it is a design problem and … cannot be fixed. I sent my first payment to Honda Financing this month, in pain, as I am not entirely happy about this severe wind noise that ruins the conversation with your passengers. Let's do something as a group and make Honda aware of this and request a fix. Honda knows better than to ignore this problem.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Honda CR-V in Apache Junction, AZ Values

Estimated values
2015 Honda CR-V LX 4dr SUV (2.4L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$11,006$14,716$17,194
Clean$10,434$13,900$16,183
Average$9,481$12,542$14,499
Rough$8,242$10,775$12,309

The average list price of a used 2015 Honda CR-V in Apache Junction, Arizona is $19,596. The average mileage on a used Honda CR-V 2015 for sale in Apache Junction, Arizona is 69,142. Based on the average mileage of 69,142 for used 2015 Honda CR-V for sale in Apache Junction, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Honda CR-V 2015 in Apache Junction, Arizona to be $9,481.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.