Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
11,449 listings
  • $24,995
    good price
    $1,450 below market
    • 102,863 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Glenn Chevrolet (402 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Eminence, KY / 402 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RRFFG7KN697944
    Stock: PU1296
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,700
    good price
    $1,535 below market
    • 95,273 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Hanna Imports (428 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 428 miles away from Columbus, GA

    *Multi Point Inspection*, HEMI 5.7L V8 Multi Displacement VVT, 4WD, 1-Year SiriusXM Radio Service, 8.4" Touchscreen Display, Add Class IV Receiver Hit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT8KN539840
    Stock: 3021159
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,878
    fair price
    $393 above market
    • 136,433 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5.7l 8cyl
    • Bob Boyte Honda Moss Point (254 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Moss Point, MS / 254 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFBT7KN657190
    Stock: P1028B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-15-2025

  • $13,910
    great price
    $3,886 below market
    • 196,904 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Bob Allen Nissan (353 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Danville, KY / 353 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Brilliant Black Crystal Pearlcoat 2018 Ram 1500 Laramie 4WD 8-Speed Automatic EcoDiesel 3.0L V619/27 City/Highwa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7NM1JS254301
    Stock: C24638B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $34,880
    fair price
    $1,044 above market
    • 13,722 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • City Auto Mitsubishi (241 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 241 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Vehicle DetailsIntroducing the 2019 Ram 1500 Big Horn/Lone Star, a robust and reliable pickup designed to meet your needs with efficiency and ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RREFT6KN724476
    Stock: 509123
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,973
    fair price
    $160 above market
    • 105,551 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Crown Nissan of Greenville (219 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 219 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFHT5KN670429
    Stock: CNGP190439
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,477
    fair price
    $359 above market
    • 74,068 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Walt Sweeney Ford (455 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 455 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Conquer Any Road in Comfort: Certified Pre-Owned 2019 Ram 1500 Big Horn 4WD - Only 73,000 Miles!Looking for a powerful and feature-packed truck? Loo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT1KN563316
    Stock: KN563316
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,605
    fair price
    $449 above market
    • 79,471 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Gravity Autos Roswell (110 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 110 miles away from Columbus, GA

    $8,000 IN OPTIONS! LEVEL 1 EQUIPMENT GROUP, 20"*9" PREMIUM PAINT/POLISHED WHEELS, UCONNECT 4 W/8.4" DISPLAY & MORE! CLEAN CARFAX!#1 Seat Foam Cushio...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFJT5KN521531
    Stock: N521531
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,939
    fair price
    $254 below market
    • 127,751 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Tindol Ford ROUSH (290 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 290 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT3KN780110
    Stock: 2250337A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,581
    fair price
    $880 below market
    • 101,150 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Indy Auto Man (498 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 498 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT4KN806245
    Stock: Z4122
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $35,800
    fair price
    $1,404 below market
    • 81,204 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Franklin Nissan (314 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbia, KY / 314 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Recent Arrival! Fully Detailed, Nitrogen Filled tires. Odometer is 14520 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX. Diamond Black Crystal Pearlcoat 201...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFRT6KN772532
    Stock: KN772532
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • $26,900
    fair price
    $9 below market
    • 111,587 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Marine Chevrolet (463 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, NC / 463 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFDT6KN642600
    Stock: ST1811BT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 140,011 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Stokes Hodges Ford (196 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Graniteville, SC / 196 miles away from Columbus, GA

    This vehicle comes equipped with Big Horn Level 1 Equipment Group (Class IV Receiver Hitch, Cluster 3.5" TFT Color Display, Glove Box Lamp, Radio: Uco...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT7KN713333
    Stock: PC5889A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $36,812
    fair price
    $670 below market
    • 70,881 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Mark Ficken Ford Lincoln (296 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 296 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFKT1KN897660
    Stock: LR97660
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,250
    fair price
    $847 above market
    • 81,546 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Coggin Honda (257 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 257 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT2KN659472
    Stock: CHJ251839A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $30,779
    good price
    $1,532 below market
    • 92,411 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Mark McLarty Ford (442 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in North Little Rock, AR / 442 miles away from Columbus, GA

    BLUE CERTIFIED IS OFFERED ON THIS VEHICLE!!!, 90-Day/4,000 Miles Comprehensive Coverage., *** CLEAN CARFAX ***, Leather, Heated and Cooled Seats, Heat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFJT6KN517679
    Stock: KN517679
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $25,584
    fair price
    $579 above market
    • 79,255 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5.7l 8cyl
    • Loganville Ford (110 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Loganville, GA / 110 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RREBT1KN844725
    Stock: KN844725A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,989
    fair price
    $559 above market
    • 121,928 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Leith Toyota (434 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 434 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT5KN805041
    Stock: T805041A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,995
    fair price
    $227 above market
    • 36,395 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Driveway (340 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 340 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Ste...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RREJT2KN628593
    Stock: KN628593
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $35,399
    good price
    $1,546 below market
    • 50,457 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Westgate Mitsubishi (432 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 432 miles away from Columbus, GA

    1-Year SiriusXM Radio Service, 1-Yr SiriusXM Guardian Trial, 115V Auxiliary Rear Power Outlet, 2 USB Full Function/Charge Only Media Hub, 3.92 Rear Ax...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFLT3KN715276
    Stock: M5710XP
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-07-2025

  • $33,900
    fair price
    $1,193 below market
    • 61,793 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Napleton's Palm Beach Acura (498 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 498 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2019 Ram 1500 4D Crew Cab Laramie Dual-Pane Panoramic Sunroof, Navigation, 392 Axle Billet Silver Metallic Clearcoat HEMI 5.7L V8 Multi Displacement V...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFJT9KN663381
    Stock: POH663381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 11,449 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ram 1500

Read recent reviews for the Ram 1500
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars234 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 234 reviews
  • 5 star
    (39%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (20%)
3 out of 5 stars

Disappointed long time Dodge/Ram owner.

Steven, 09/14/2018
2019 Ram 1500 Laramie 4dr Crew Cab 5.6 ft SB (3.6L 6cyl gas/electric hybrid 8A)
I have had several versions of the Dodge ram 1500 since it was redesigned in 2009. They have all performed very well with high-quality interiors and technology. I was very excited when I bought my 2019 Ram Laramie this past July. Within two weeks of ownership, the phone system stopped functioning properly and the audio quality sounded as though only one speaker was working. I have … the Harman Kardon Soundsystem which is wonderful. But in order to get the phone sound quality back to all speakers, you have to turn off the surroundsound manually for each call. That was the fix that Chrysler has so far. The new heavy duty brakes are squeaking like crazy. The incredibly smooth ZF transmission has intermittent clunking when down shifting when coming to a stop. The air conditioning is not as cold as my previous Ram 1500. The final straw which prompted me to write this review, was when the truck stalled at a light yesterday. The truck is so quiet on the inside that I didn’t even know it stalled until all the alarms went off telling me to put the truck into park and restart it. When trying to contact Chrysler Corporation, I get an overseas call center with an agent but most likely has no idea what a truck is. The Chrysler dealership in Palm Springs, CA has been very helpful but they are baffled at the truck’s issues and their arms are tied waiting for Chrysler to get the bugs worked out. If I had known I was going to have all these troubles I would have kept my old truck. I believe Chrysler released this truck too early without properly testing all if it’s systems. I will open an official complaint with Chrysler and will start the Lemon Law procedure If it’s not repaired within the legal amount of time it takes Chrysler to repair it. It takes a long time but the law does work ( used it with a defective Ford product years ago). I will say, the truck is very quiet and very roomy. The interior is incredibly comfortable compared to my previous truck. The ride quality is the best. That said, the technical issues outweigh the comfort. I would recommend not buying one of these trucks until after the bugs are worked out. Maybe a 2021 model.
Report abuse

FAQ

What is a good price for a used 2019 Ram 1500?

According to Edmunds.com's True Market Value calculations, the retail price of a used 2019 Ram 1500's most popular trim, the Big Horn/Lone Star, in great condition with 48,000 miles on its odometer, is $36,211. Prices vary by trim, region and options included.

What engine and transmission options are available on the 2019 Ram 1500?

The 2019 Ram 1500 offers a 3.6-liter V6 engine (305 horsepower, 269 pound-feet of torque) as standard on all trims, and an optional 5.7-liter V8 engine (395 hp, 410 lb-ft) on all but the HFE trim. Both engines pair with an eight-speed automatic transmission.
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.