Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,660 listings
  • $35,450
    fair price
    $1,301 below market
    • 106,453 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Golden Motors (237 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 237 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4DKJ8LR104109
    Stock: 104109
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • $34,800
    good price
    $1,356 below market
    • 126,312 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Hunt Automotive (241 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boiling Springs, SC / 241 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2020 Cadillac Escalade Premium LOADED Southern Vehicle Extremely Clean and Well Cared For. Finaning Avaialable for All Credit Types! Trades Wel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKJXLR190307
    Stock: 2580
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • $37,841
    fair price
    $1,043 below market
    • 69,872 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Hoover Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (285 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Moncks Corner, SC / 285 miles away from Columbus, GA

    72 point inspection, Certified for extended service plan, Priced below market value, Black Leather. 2020 Cadillac Escalade Luxury 6.2L V8 RWD Priced b...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3BKJ5LR102230
    Stock: M22942A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-02-2025

  • $59,420
    fair price
    $420 below market
    • 104,727 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Ford Marietta (102 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 102 miles away from Columbus, GA

    114K$ MSRP..INTERIOR PROTECTION PKG (LPO)..ONYX PKG (LPO)..PREFERRED EQUIPMENT GROUP 1SH..TOURING PKG..NAVIGATION..BLIND SPOT MONITOR..HEATED SEATS..M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL1NR144053
    Stock: NR144053
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 32,032 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 695 miles away from Columbus, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ2LR266239
    Stock: 2003864191
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • $45,975
    fair price
    $671 below market
    • 41,735 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Mobile (231 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mobile, AL / 231 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2020 Cadillac Escalade Luxury WE SHIP ANYWHERE IN THE UNITED STATES, JUST ASK., 4WD, Shale With Jet Black Accents Leather. 6.2L V8Clean CARFAX.Priced ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ5LR264596
    Stock: PU264596
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • $60,995
    fair price
    $1,045 below market
    • 59,862 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Fields Cadillac (269 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in St. Augustine, FL / 269 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Sandstone Metallic 2022 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury RWD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 Brandy With Very Dark Atmosphere Accents Leather, 2-Presets Me...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3CKL4NR180511
    Stock: SR313388A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $69,336
    fair price
    $550 above market
    • 19,140 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac of Birmingham (130 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 130 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Unleash your driving passion with this 2022 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury, a masterpiece of engineering and elegance. With only 19,140 miles, this ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL8NR272289
    Stock: P5438
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $73,175
    fair price
    $280 below market
    • 42,978 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Fort Mitchell (454 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Park Hills, KY / 454 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Satin Steel Metallic 2022 Cadillac Escalade Sport Platinum 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 16.9" Diagonal OLED Infotainment Screen, 3...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL2NR204342
    Stock: 369512A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $36,777
    fair price
    $1,121 below market
    • 73,664 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Lincoln of Melbourne (382 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Melbourne, FL / 382 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2020 Cadillac Escalade Luxury ***** 1 OWNER **** CLEAN CARFAX "NO ACCIDENTS" ***** LOW MILES UNDER MARKET AVERAGE **** GOOD SERVICE RECORDS ALWAYS ON ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3BKJ8LR289012
    Stock: EL02156A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $59,098
    fair price
    $206 below market
    • 60,774 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Morse Cadillac Tampa (336 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 336 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Crystal White Tricoat 2022 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury 4D Sport Utility 6.2L V8 RWD **GREAT FINANCE OPTIONS AVAILABLE, **TRADES WELCOME, **COME S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3BKL6NR168693
    Stock: U103301A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $71,657
    fair price
    $256 below market
    • 33,456 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Lockhart Cadillac Greenwood (497 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greenwood, IN / 497 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. Satin Steel Metallic 2022 Cadillac Escalade Sport 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 4WD, Black Leather.Odome...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4FKLXNR215471
    Stock: 25KS270
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • $41,375
    good price
    $2,645 below market
    • 74,868 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Vehicles Nashville LLC (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 275 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4DKJ4LR210265
    Stock: 25961
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $42,801
    good price
    $1,257 below market
    • 67,669 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Cincinnati (466 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 466 miles away from Columbus, GA

    The 2020 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury is a full-size luxury SUV that combines commanding presence, upscale features, and advanced technology. It's...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKJ4LR147937
    Stock: TLR147937
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $45,199
    fair price
    $820 below market
    • 60,670 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Walt Massey Ford (303 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbia, MS / 303 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKJ8LR114570
    Stock: HG14570TW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

  • $29,900
    good price
    $1,386 below market
    • 115,579 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Frontier Motors (199 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Pensacola, FL / 199 miles away from Columbus, GA

    LOCAL TRADE, AS IS TRADE, Black Leather, Automatic Emergency Braking, Bose Centerpoint 16 Speaker Surround Sound System, Driver Awareness Package, DVD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3BKJ4LR228756
    Stock: 228756
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $63,219
    fair price
    $750 below market
    • 75,325 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Jeff Wyler Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Of Lawrenceburg (456 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceburg, IN / 456 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Jeff Wyler Chrysler Dodge Jeep of Lawrenceburg is pleased to offer this terrific 2022 Cadillac Escalade Sport Platinum in Crystal White Tricoat. Prefe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL8NR240620
    Stock: 28T4306
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • $53,199
    fair price
    $699 below market
    • 90,353 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Florida Fine Cars (490 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 490 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4AKL1NR113317
    Stock: 152097
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • $38,900
    fair price
    $750 below market
    • 64,518 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Down East Motor Co (493 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Washington, NC / 493 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3BKJ1LR102094
    Stock: DODD1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-14-2024

  • $43,978
    fair price
    $830 above market
    • 74,899 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Urbandale, IA / 799 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Entertainment System,Hands-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4DKJ7LR274400
    Stock: LR274400NT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $29,977
    good price
    $1,978 below market
    • 131,056 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Deacon Jones Chevrolet of La Grange (446 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in La Grange, NC / 446 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Crystal White Tricoat 2020 Cadillac Escalade Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 4WD 4WD, Black Leather, 12-Way Power F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ3LR296253
    Stock: G350211A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

Showing 652 - 672 out of 1,660 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade
Overall Consumer Rating
3.1 out of 5 stars24 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 24 reviews
  • 5 star
    (29%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (21%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (33%)
3 out of 5 stars

3rd Time Escalade Owner

April, 07/22/2016
2016 Cadillac Escalade Platinum 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 8A)
This is our third Escalade to own. I couldn't be more disappointed in the quality of the car this time. They really cut corners in the interior and it shows from parts coming unglued to the interior leather peeling. On the outside of the car the Crome trim on the door popped off and all four doors trim work between the doors had to be replaced. My car had less than 8k miles and they … replaced the transmission. For a vehicle costing almost 100k very disappointed Cadillac. This will be our last.
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters5Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details

* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.