Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
180 listings
  • New Listing
    $28,590
    fair price
    $676 above market
    • 43,246 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 126 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABDM0RN163422
    Stock: 2003918604
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

    • 41,513 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Maplewood, MN / 899 miles away from Seneca, SC

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABEM3PN112590
    Stock: PN112590A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $26,908
    fair price
    $246 below market
    • 31,609 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fort Pierce, FL / 528 miles away from Seneca, SC

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABBM6SN319598
    Stock: 7W6BP0
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 16,585 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 235 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABBM8RN230139
    Stock: 2003895427
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda CX-50
    $30,500
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Excludes taxes, title, license fees and $1,420 destination charge (Alaska $1,465). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • New Listing
    • 10,088 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,661 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABAM0RN215507
    Stock: 2003879281
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • $27,998
    fair price
    $226 above market
    • 6,354 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to SC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oceanside, CA / 1,962 miles away from Seneca, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABAM2RN230400
    Stock: 27594471
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 49,282 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 106 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABAM9PN112776
    Stock: 2003776244
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 4,275 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 366 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABAM2RN210437
    Stock: 2003895014
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda CX-50
    $30,500
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Excludes taxes, title, license fees and $1,420 destination charge (Alaska $1,465). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • Price Drop
    • 9,383 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 394 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABCM2PN119307
    Stock: 2003878811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

    • 7,772 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 329 miles away from Seneca, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABDM9SN317244
    Stock: M25-107
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2024

    • 11,670 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 805 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABAM5RN199160
    Stock: 2003904543
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

    • 9,387 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NE to SC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Omaha, NE / 851 miles away from Seneca, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABBMXRN242146
    Stock: 27502009
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda CX-50
    $30,500
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Excludes taxes, title, license fees and $1,420 destination charge (Alaska $1,465). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • New Listing
    • 3,664 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 126 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABDMXRN236845
    Stock: 2003852854
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $25,688
    fair price
    $591 above market
    • 44,473 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 329 miles away from Seneca, SC

    Clean CARFAX. Jet Black Mica 2023 Mazda CX-50 2.5 S Preferred Plus Package AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16VJake Sweeney Automo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABCM4PN121673
    Stock: Y2927
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 6,566 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Fields Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Asheville (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Asheville, NC / 63 miles away from Seneca, SC

    Certified. Polymetal Gray Metallic 2025 Mazda CX-50 2.5 S Premium Package AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V Mazda Certified Pre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABDM7SN308848
    Stock: ZSN308848R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

    • 1,313 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,136 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABDM6SN317962
    Stock: 2003915118
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda CX-50
    $30,500
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    Excludes taxes, title, license fees and $1,420 destination charge (Alaska $1,465). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • Price Drop
    • 5,429 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,136 miles away from Seneca, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABXY4RN219988
    Stock: 2003793303
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • $39,998
    fair price
    $574 above market
    • 3,552 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to SC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 2,059 miles away from Seneca, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABEY1SN313545
    Stock: 27334831
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 624 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 39 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Nanuet, NY / 658 miles away from Seneca, SC

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (39 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVAAEWXSN105186
    Stock: HNP1747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 7,622 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Fields Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Asheville (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Asheville, NC / 63 miles away from Seneca, SC

    Certified. Wind Chill Pearl 2025 Mazda CX-50 2.5 S Premium Plus Package AWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V Mazda Certified Pre-O...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVABEM5SN305977
    Stock: ZSN305977R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 8,660 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 39 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Fields Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Asheville (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Asheville, NC / 63 miles away from Seneca, SC

    Certified. Polymetal Gray Metallic 2025 Mazda CX-50 Hybrid Premium Plus AWD eCVT 2.5L 4-Cylinder Mazda Certified Pre-Owned Certified, 2.5L 4-Cylinder,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    38 Combined MPG (39 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7MMVAAEW6SN103502
    Stock: ZSN103502R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-30-2024

Showing 85 - 105 out of 180 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius50 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.