Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
26 listings
  • New Listing
    $52,998
    fair price
    $235 above market
    • 49,214 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 2,398 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVFJ8NS193982
    Stock: 27078560
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $76,590
    good price
    $974 below market
    • 5,675 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,938 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEP1RS111649
    Stock: 2003771615
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

    • 25,841 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,614 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVFJ9NS193781
    Stock: 27241962
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $53,998
    fair price
    $21 above market
    • 36,349 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MS to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jackson, MS / 1,838 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEP7NS193820
    Stock: 26830882
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement
    Also Consider

    1 Offer Nearby

    2025 Lincoln Navigator
    $99,995
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 3 Packages
    View Offers 
    *Current MSRP for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any retailer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included. Starting A, Z and X Plan price is for qualified, eligible clients and excludes document fee, destination/delivery charge, taxes, title and registration. Not all vehicles qualify for A, Z or X Plan.
  • New Listing
    $49,990
    fair price
    $323 above market
    • 81,080 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,938 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVGJ0NS137842
    Stock: 2003684741
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $60,990
    fair price
    $1,820 above market
    • 19,213 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,373 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVFJ3NS151350
    Stock: 2003709171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • New Listing
    $59,990
    fair price
    $1,360 below market
    • 30,807 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 628 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVGP1NS222693
    Stock: 2003621535
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

    • 29,030 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KY to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 1,985 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVGJ3NS207348
    Stock: 27500950
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement
    Also Consider

    1 Offer Nearby

    2025 Lincoln Navigator
    $99,995
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 3 Packages
    View Offers 
    *Current MSRP for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any retailer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included. Starting A, Z and X Plan price is for qualified, eligible clients and excludes document fee, destination/delivery charge, taxes, title and registration. Not all vehicles qualify for A, Z or X Plan.
  • Price Drop
    • 37,436 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 950 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEJ2NS116638
    Stock: 27119716
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 39,713 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,465 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVGJ3NS189109
    Stock: 2003719375
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 46,826 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MN to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn Park, MN / 1,577 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVGJ0NS112035
    Stock: 27411016
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 50,522 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 2,108 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVFJ5NS139734
    Stock: 27186822
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement
    Also Consider

    1 Offer Nearby

    2025 Lincoln Navigator
    $99,995
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 3 Packages
    View Offers 
    *Current MSRP for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any retailer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included. Starting A, Z and X Plan price is for qualified, eligible clients and excludes document fee, destination/delivery charge, taxes, title and registration. Not all vehicles qualify for A, Z or X Plan.
  • New Listing
    • 62,200 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Manchester, MO / 1,718 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVFJ2NS130005
    Stock: 8DFX9R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 52,577 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 1,568 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Cooled Seats,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVGJ5NS101628
    Stock: S9Z32133AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $63,990
    fair price
    $1,390 above market
    • 31,741 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,373 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVFJXNS202357
    Stock: 2003731986
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • 31,749 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,465 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEJ1PS511350
    Stock: 2003713661
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • Advertisement
    Also Consider

    1 Offer Nearby

    2025 Lincoln Navigator
    $99,995
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 3 Packages
    View Offers 
    *Current MSRP for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any retailer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. Optional equipment not included. Starting A, Z and X Plan price is for qualified, eligible clients and excludes document fee, destination/delivery charge, taxes, title and registration. Not all vehicles qualify for A, Z or X Plan.
  • Photos not available
    • 12,406 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • San Leandro Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Leandro, CA / 20 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    Vehicle DetailsUnlock the road to adventure with this stunning 2022 Jeep Grand Wagoneer Series II! With just 12,402 miles on the odometer, this magnif...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVFJ0NS118824
    Stock: 2B1657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

    • 58,713 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 628 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEJ3NS106524
    Stock: 2003726837
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 53,281 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 2,381 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEJ6PS510517
    Stock: 2003653007
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 60,416 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,465 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEJ8NS141172
    Stock: 2003611082
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 25,830 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 2,289 miles away from Palo Alto, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4SJVEJ7PS506363
    Stock: 2003750066
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 26 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius25 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.