Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
50 listings
  • Price Drop
    $36,599
    great price
    $3,101 below market
    • 7,471 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Orland Park (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 21 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    2024 INFINITI QX55 LUXE Graphite Shadow *ONE OWNER, BACK-UP CAMERA, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, LEATHER, AWD, BLIND SPOT WARNING, BLUETOOTH, HEATED SEATS, CRUIS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5JR2RF113278
    Stock: IPL5708
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $45,560
    good price
    $2,333 below market
    • 5,187 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Orland Park (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 21 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    2025 INFINITI QX55 SENSORY Dynamic Sunstone Red *ONE OWNER, NAVIGATION SYSTEM, BACK-UP CAMERA, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, LEATHER, AWD, BLIND SPOT WARNING, BLU...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5LR4SF101300
    Stock: IPL5684
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $45,732
    fair price
    $2,228 below market
    • 4,033 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Orland Park (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 21 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    2025 INFINITI QX55 SENSORY Radiant White *ONE OWNER, NAVIGATION SYSTEM, BACK-UP CAMERA, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, LEATHER, AWD, BLIND SPOT WARNING, BLUETOOTH,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5LR3SF100753
    Stock: IPL5680
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $45,130
    good price
    $2,763 below market
    • 7,498 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Orland Park (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 21 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    2025 INFINITI QX55 SENSORY Radiant White *ONE OWNER, NAVIGATION SYSTEM, BACK-UP CAMERA, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, LEATHER, AWD, BLIND SPOT WARNING, BLUETOOTH,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5LR1SF100282
    Stock: IPL5683
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,356
    fair price
    $1,110 below market
    • 27,444 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Orland Park (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 21 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    2024 INFINITI QX55 LUXE Radiant White *ONE OWNER, BACK-UP CAMERA, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, LEATHER, AWD, BLIND SPOT WARNING, BLUETOOTH, HEATED SEATS, CRUISE ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5JR7RF106598
    Stock: IP5669
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • $32,750
    fair price
    $42 below market
    • 29,665 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Fair Oaks Ford Lincoln (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 16 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Clean CARFAX. Dynamic Sunstone Red 2022 INFINITI QX55 ESSENTIAL AWD CVT I4 Local Trade, Fresh Oil Change, Clean AutoCheck, Accident Free Car Fax, Clea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5K38NF111832
    Stock: J1946
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 19,686 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Orland Park (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 21 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    2022 INFINITI QX55 SENSORY Slate Gray *ONE OWNER, NAVIGATION SYSTEM, BACK-UP CAMERA, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, LEATHER, AWD, BLIND SPOT WARNING, BLUETOOTH, HE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5L32NF113896
    Stock: IP5759
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $37,972
    great price
    $4,160 below market
    • 6,464 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Old Orchard Nissan (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Skokie, IL / 15 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Clean CARFAX.Odometer is 11767 miles below market average! 22/28 City/Highway MPG 22/28 City/Highway MPGSENSORY2024 INFINITI QX55 SENSORYRadiant White...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5LR9RF103957
    Stock: Z2261
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • $30,999
    great price
    $4,374 below market
    • 20,226 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Rosen Hyundai of Algonquin (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Algonquin, IL / 27 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Just Arrived 2022 INFINITI QX55 SENSORY AWD With Only 20,197 Low Miles, Local Trade IN, Auto tilt-away steering wheel, Auto-dimming Rear-View mirror, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5L33NF109906
    Stock: Q38209A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,998
    good price
    $1,491 below market
    • 5,383 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Davie, FL / 1,176 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5JR5SF100787
    Stock: 27607350
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 41,605 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 940 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heads-Up Display,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5K39NF105005
    Stock: NF105005P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 12,172 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 940 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5LR3RF102142
    Stock: RF102142P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 54,414 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 940 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5K35NF104188
    Stock: NF104188P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $34,972
    good price
    $2,595 below market
    • 12,342 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Old Orchard Nissan (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Skokie, IL / 15 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Clean CARFAX.Odometer is 8466 miles below market average! 22/28 City/Highway MPG 22/28 City/Highway MPGLUXE2024 INFINITI QX55 LUXERadiant White I4 AWD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5JR1RF108413
    Stock: M1092
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $33,590
    fair price
    $324 below market
    • 31,584 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,773 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5JR3RF106274
    Stock: 2003770492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $167 above market
    • 32,585 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 999 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5J36NF100443
    Stock: 27300321
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $34,995
    good price
    $2,174 below market
    • 19,750 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Naperville (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 15 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Recent Arrival! New Price! *** INFINITI CERTIFIED ***, ***APPLE CARPLAY and ANDROID AUTO***, ***BLUETOOTH/HANDSFREE CONNECTION***, ***ALL WHEEL DRIVE ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5JR4RF110236
    Stock: JA0820
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,998
    fair price
    $350 above market
    • 13,953 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,508 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5J36NF113015
    Stock: 27479106
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $40 above market
    • 49,875 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OH to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Carrollton, OH / 249 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5K31NF105581
    Stock: 27240701
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $46,555
    fair price
    $1,017 below market
    • 3,780 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Motor Werks INFINITI (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Barrington, IL / 19 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Introducing the 2025 INFINITI QX55 SENSORY AWD, now available at Motor Werks INFINITI. Elevate your driving experience with this luxurious and stylish...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5LR2SF100257
    Stock: I356291L
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 24,460 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 940 miles away from Elmhurst, IL

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Departure Warni...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5K39NF115470
    Stock: NF115470P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 50 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius25 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.