Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
256 listings

$0
BMW iX rebates in 24027
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • Price Drop
    $97,233
    great price
    $13,663 below market
    • 2,605 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 309 - 321 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Rockville (197 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Rockville, MD / 197 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Amido; Olive Leaf Tanned Perforated Leather UpholsteryDriving Assistance Professional PackageWheels: 22" X 9.5" Aero Bicolor (Style 1020)Luxury Pac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF03SCT84382
    Stock: SCT84382
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $82,695
    great price
    $10,890 below market
    • 2,254 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 309 - 321 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Sterling (182 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 182 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. 2025 BMW iX Single-Speed Automatic Oxide Gray Metallic Electric Motor83/82 City/Highway MPGDriving Assistance Pr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCU14087
    Stock: SCU14087C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • $74,999
    great price
    $9,167 below market
    • 1,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 309 - 322 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Nashville (390 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brentwood, TN / 390 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    This 2025 BMW iX xDrive50 (***ONE OWNER, CLEAN CARFAX***) comes complete with features such as DRIVING ASSISTANCE PROFESSIONAL PACKAGE, SPORT PACKAGE,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF04SCU32483
    Stock: TSCU32483
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $78,750
    great price
    $9,255 below market
    • 1,754 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 310 - 322 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Fishers Imports (376 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 376 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Check out this beautiful Toyota Land Cruiser First Edition. Loaded with all the right features like 21-inch wheels, sport package, and driver assistan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF08SCU31224
    Stock: I1224
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $76,018
    good price
    $7,143 below market
    • 5,549 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 306 - 321 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Sterling (182 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 182 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. 2025 BMW iX Single-Speed Automatic Black Sapphire Metallic Electric Motor83/82 City/Highway MPGConvenience Package (harman kar...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF08SCT07731
    Stock: SCT07731T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-12-2025

  • $81,511
    good price
    $5,205 below market
    • 5,507 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 307 - 334 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Faulkner BMW (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lancaster, PA / 275 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    2025 BMW iX xDrive50 Mineral White MetallicClean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Odometer is 1418 miles below market average!Certified.BMW Certified Pre-Own...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF02SCS11268
    Stock: AMP11268
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    $73,158
    good price
    $6,024 below market
    • 8,214 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 297 - 311 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Wide World BMW (413 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spring Valley, NY / 413 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    BMW iX xDrive50 AWD ***PRICE REDUCTION***, ***ACCIDENT FREE CAR FAX***, ***ONE OWNER***, *** LEASE ME!!! ***, *** LEASE FOR $649/MO ONLY!!! ***, Activ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF02SCS05616
    Stock: SL52141
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-08-2025

  • $83,000
    good price
    $6,675 below market
    • 2,633 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 308 - 322 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Owings Mills (227 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Owings Mills, MD / 227 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Sunroof, Navigation, Heated Seats, Blind Spot Monitor, Dual Zone A/C, Remote Engine Start, Onboard Communications System, iPod/MP3 Input, Satellite Ra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF0XSCU13582
    Stock: LP550
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-03-2025

  • $88,000
    good price
    $6,015 below market
    • 3,038 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 308 - 322 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Owings Mills (227 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Owings Mills, MD / 227 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Heated Seats, Nav System, Moonroof, Apple CarPlay®, Dual Zone A/C, Remote Engine Start, Onboard Communications System, iPod/MP3 Input, Rear Air, Satel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF01SCU06374
    Stock: LP552
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $99,740
    good price
    $4,863 below market
    • 5,260 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 301 - 314 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Fishers Imports (376 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 376 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Just wow.. One Owner, Clean Carfax.. We can't keep this units in inventory.. Upgraded 22" wheels, Driving assistance professional package, why pay $11...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF07SCS36221
    Stock: I6221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $82,511
    good price
    $4,361 below market
    • 6,222 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 316 - 336 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Faulkner BMW (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lancaster, PA / 275 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    2025 BMW iX xDrive50 Black Sapphire MetallicClean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Certified.BMW Certified Pre-Owned Details:* Multipoint Point Inspection* Tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCS06694
    Stock: AMP06694
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • $80,000
    good price
    $3,871 below market
    • 3,520 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 306 - 323 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Owings Mills (227 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Owings Mills, MD / 227 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Sunroof, Heated Seats, NAV, Onboard Communications System, Dual Zone A/C, Remote Engine Start, Apple CarPlay®, iPod/MP3 Input, Power Liftgate, Rear Ai...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCS28811
    Stock: LP530
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-01-2024

  • Price Drop
    $83,844
    fair price
    $2,055 below market
    • 5,224 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 302 - 314 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • BMW of Westchester (420 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in White Plains, NY / 420 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.83/82 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF03SCS46210
    Stock: 34728EL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

  • $84,595
    fair price
    $1,850 below market
    • 5,070 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 302 - 314 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • BMW of Westchester (420 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in White Plains, NY / 420 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.83/82 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF07SCS47120
    Stock: 34729EL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $83,433
    fair price
    $1,154 below market
    • 5,586 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 302 - 314 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • BMW of Westchester (420 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in White Plains, NY / 420 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.83/82 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF07SCS88315
    Stock: 35160EL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $80,991
    fair price
    $1,614 below market
    • 7,095 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 317 - 336 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Faulkner BMW (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lancaster, PA / 275 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    2025 BMW iX xDrive50 Mineral White MetallicClean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Certified.BMW Certified Pre-Owned Details:* Vehicle History* Warranty Deduct...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF0XSCS12460
    Stock: AMP12460
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $81,990
    fair price
    $1,234 below market
    • 6,699 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 300 - 313 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (369 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold, NJ / 369 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Lane Keepin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCS20627
    Stock: SCS20627L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $73,645
    fair price
    $2,354 below market
    • 12,622 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 299 - 315 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Jake Sweeney Express (281 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 281 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CERTIFIED PREOWNED VALUE LEADER! Alpine White exterior and Black interior. Heated Seats, Moonroof, Nav System, Power Liftgate, Panoramic Roof, All Whe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF07SCS10262
    Stock: B77276R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • $115,620
    fair price
    $2,982 above market
    • 1,365 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 316 - 336 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Rockville (197 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Rockville, MD / 197 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    Driving Assistance Professional PackagePanoramic RoofNavigation SystemLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerHeads-Up DisplayCooled Front ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF00SCS28509
    Stock: SCS28509
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $89,990
    fair price
    $1,396 above market
    • 5,730 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 316 - 336 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Springfield (383 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Springfield, NJ / 383 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    ORIGINAL MSRP - $98,975- Clean CARFAX One Owner. Certified Alpine White 2025 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Single-Speed Automatic Electric Motor83/82 City/Highw...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF02SCT45908
    Stock: LB2344
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $84,990
    fair price
    $1,290 above market
    • 6,516 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 300 - 313 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (369 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold, NJ / 369 miles away from Roanoke, VA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Whe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF09SCS34112
    Stock: SCS34112L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 256 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW iX

Read recent reviews for the BMW iX
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (70%)
  • 4 star
    (7%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Unbelievably fast and amazing sound system

Steve, 10/15/2022
2023 BMW iX M60 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD)
This is my first electric car. Everything works as it says. The sound system is absolutely amazing. Range is very good. Small things that are odd. Front hood does not open for storage. Only can be opened by bmw. No home link on the mirror. Overall very happy with purchase. Can drive it very easily slowly around town. When you want acceleration it takes off with head snapping torque.
Report abuse

Used 2025 BMW iX in Roanoke, VA Values

Estimated values
2025 BMW iX M60 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
OutstandingN/AN/AN/A
CleanN/AN/AN/A
AverageN/AN/AN/A
RoughN/AN/AN/A

The average list price of a used 2025 BMW iX in Roanoke, Virginia is $84,605. The average mileage on a used BMW iX 2025 for sale in Roanoke, Virginia is 4,927. Based on the average mileage of 4,927 for used 2025 BMW iX for sale in Roanoke, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW iX 2025 in Roanoke, Virginia to be N/A.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.