Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
213 listings
  • $34,900
    fair price
    $1,658 above market
    • 32,062 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • Sarant Cadillac (132 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Farmingdale, NY / 132 miles away from Providence, RI

    Want to know the secret ingredient to this 2021 Cadillac CT5? This CT5 has been driven with care for 32062 miles. Its sensibility is matched by a spre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RW3M0146205
    Stock: U-11058
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • $33,995
    good price
    $1,946 below market
    • 32,394 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Paul Miller BMW (161 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wayne, NJ / 161 miles away from Providence, RI

    2 SETS OF KEYS, REMAINDER OF FACTORY WARRANTY, FACTORY MAINTENANCE UP TO DATE, The CT5 Sport is a smart blend of aggressive styling, engaging driving ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DU5RK7P0106403
    Stock: 250914B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • $26,749
    good price
    $1,292 below market
    • 48,270 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Lincoln of Wayne (161 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wayne, NJ / 161 miles away from Providence, RI

    Infrared 2021 Cadillac CT5 Premium* 1 OWNER CARFAX, Luxury on wheels. Its a Cadillac, little more be said. Turbocharged 2.0L power mated to a 10-speed...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RK1M0130517
    Stock: 82978B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • $49,138
    fair price
    $2,462 below market
    • 31,231 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 605 miles away from Providence, RI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Premium Sound,Remo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DV5RW2P0155539
    Stock: P0155539TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $32,908
    good price
    $1,385 below market
    • 32,405 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • All American Chevrolet (173 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Middletown, NJ / 173 miles away from Providence, RI

    : Serviced here, Non-Smoker vehicle, Auto Check One Owner! Heated Seats, Moonroof, Aluminum Wheels, Remote Engine Start, Onboard Communications System...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DX5RK4P0125112
    Stock: P7245
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,507
    good price
    $437 below market
    • 77,261 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarTopia (179 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in North Plainfield, NJ / 179 miles away from Providence, RI

    Don't miss this great CADILLAC! It offers the latest in technological innovation and style. Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DP5RK1M0121028
    Stock: C3962
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-13-2025

  • $37,900
    fair price
    $1,732 above market
    • 7,900 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Mt Kisco Chevrolet (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mount Kisco, NY / 128 miles away from Providence, RI

    2023 CADILLAC CT5 PREMIUM LUXURY AWD, 2.0L 4CYL TURBO, ONE OWNER LIKE NEW, MOONROOF, NAVIGATION, HEATED LEATHER SEATS, * BACKUP CAMERA, * Bluetooth ,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DX5RK5P0134823
    Stock: P5921
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $40,600
    fair price
    $308 below market
    • 17,324 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • ltoauto (71 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in New Britain, CT / 71 miles away from Providence, RI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DU5RK3P0104826
    Stock: 10033RR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2024

    • 8,351 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,520 miles away from Providence, RI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DN5RW6P0104268
    Stock: 2003839186
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • $91,995
    fair price
    $1,054 above market
    • 12,300 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 13 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Stamford Ford Lincoln (123 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stamford, CT / 123 miles away from Providence, RI

    2023 Cadillac CT5 V-Series Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner.2023 Radiant Red TintcoatCadillac CT5V-SeriesRWD 6-Speed Manual 6.2L V8 SuperchargedAwards...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DY5R67P0860313
    Stock: 66608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • $37,990
    fair price
    $815 above market
    • 10,006 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 619 miles away from Providence, RI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DS5RK3P0134303
    Stock: 2003812782
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • $32,985
    fair price
    $899 below market
    • 74,462 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Fast Track Motors (156 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 156 miles away from Providence, RI

    2021 CADILLAC CT5-V!!! V SERIES!!! ALL WHEEL DRIVE!!! TWIN TURBO 3.0L V6!!! 10 SPEED TRANSMISSION!!! CLEAN CARFAX!!! LEATHER INTERIOR...HEATED SEATS.....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DV5RW2M0124125
    Stock: FT07564
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 18,108 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Autobahn USA (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Westborough, MA / 33 miles away from Providence, RI

    Autobahn USA is proud to present this... Black Raven 2021 Cadillac CT5 Premium Luxury 2.0L I4 Turbocharged DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30 237hp 10-Speed Automa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DT5RK0M0110842
    Stock: AB6967
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,495
    fair price
    $965 below market
    • 58,493 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Ann Arbor, MI / 638 miles away from Providence, RI

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Turbo/Supercharged,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DS5RK7P0104284
    Stock: P0104284A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $34,880
    fair price
    $173 below market
    • 19,676 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Holloway Cadillac (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portsmouth, NH / 91 miles away from Providence, RI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DX5RK2P0104615
    Stock: 63437
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • New Listing
    $38,688
    fair price
    $1,847 above market
    • 16,843 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • Johnson GMC Cadillac (187 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Budd Lake, NJ / 187 miles away from Providence, RI

    John Johnson Automotive Group continues to exceed customers expectations with all of our New and Pre-Owned vehicle sales. Our customers keep coming ba...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DS5RWXP0115847
    Stock: SZ145820A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • $30,988
    fair price
    $982 above market
    • 59,184 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Herb Chambers Cadillac of Warwick (11 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Warwick, RI / 11 miles away from Providence, RI

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers Certified pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who ins...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DP5RK1M0117397
    Stock: CP27010
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • New Listing
    $31,990
    fair price
    $1,278 above market
    • 29,223 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 2,081 miles away from Providence, RI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DN5RK2P0119444
    Stock: 2003842725
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • New Listing
    $36,607
    fair price
    $313 above market
    • 27,532 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Quality Chevrolet of Englewood (149 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Englewood, NJ / 149 miles away from Providence, RI

    Boasts 30 Highway MPG and 22 City MPG! This Cadillac CT5 delivers a Turbocharged Gas I4 2.0L/ engine powering this Automatic transmission. STEERING WH...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DU5RK3P0104731
    Stock: C3710X
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • $27,995
    fair price
    $769 above market
    • 76,576 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • J&M Automotive (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Naugatuck, CT / 88 miles away from Providence, RI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DS5RK5P0125845
    Stock: 2325845
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $37,998
    fair price
    $1,183 above market
    • 37,815 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to RI*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 2,258 miles away from Providence, RI

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6DN5RW9P0122179
    Stock: 27160821
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 85 - 105 out of 213 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac CT5

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac CT5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (78%)
  • 4 star
    (7%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
4 out of 5 stars

2023 CT5 V Not Your Grandpas Caddy

B Cadddy, 12/10/2022
2023 Cadillac CT5 V 4dr Sedan (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 10A)
Outstanding style and visual cues I have received a lot of complements since purchasing. Very comfortable interior with easy to use and read displays. Lot of power and performance with seamless transmission. At 6’5 only consistent complaint is telescoping steering wheel should have more range, and rear view mirror as well. In a sea of BMW, Audi and Mercedes this stands out and holds … its ground. A very nice place to be. Very fun to drive and when you want to dance it responds and puts a smile on your face every time.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Cadillac CT5 in Providence, RI Values

Estimated values
2021 Cadillac CT5 Premium Luxury 4dr Sedan (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,966$27,072$29,199
Clean$24,437$26,451$28,478
Average$23,555$25,416$27,277
Rough$22,409$24,070$25,716

The average list price of a used 2021 Cadillac CT5 in Providence, Rhode Island is $37,499. The average mileage on a used Cadillac CT5 2021 for sale in Providence, Rhode Island is 34,639. Based on the average mileage of 34,639 for used 2021 Cadillac CT5 for sale in Providence, RI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac CT5 2021 in Providence, Rhode Island to be $23,555.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.