Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,033 listings
  • New Listing
    • 12,009 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to NY*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 532 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFJA5DB1PX062938
    Stock: 27282294
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 290 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Westbury Toyota (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Westbury, NY / 23 miles away from New York, NY

    2025 Toyota Tundra Hybrid Capstone Certified. Wind Chill Pearl 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 3.4L V6ONE OWNER, TOYOTA CERTIFIED, CLEAN CAR FAX NO ACCIDENTS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (19 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFVC5DB0SX098625
    Stock: WP386
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

    • 15,427 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Odessa, TX / 1,683 miles away from New York, NY

    CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,Turbo/Supe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DB2PX094385
    Stock: PX094385C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 15,630 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 645 miles away from New York, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DA9PX104529
    Stock: 2003724363
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 26,772 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Island Chevrolet (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Staten Island, NY / 14 miles away from New York, NY

    2023 Toyota Tundra Hybrid TRD Pro 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 3.4L V6 3.4L V6.Recent Arrival!

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFPC5DB0PX027344
    Stock: 663147
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 16,058 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to NY*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 1,391 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DA1PX061210
    Stock: 27033212
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 15,812 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 2,231 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5AB4PX024195
    Stock: 27262824
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 34,521 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Springfield, VA / 217 miles away from New York, NY

    CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,Turb...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DB8PX057163
    Stock: 24860P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 16,768 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OH to NY*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 471 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFJA5DB5PX081430
    Stock: 27326634
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $42,796
    fair price
    $917 below market
    • 57,534 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Riverhead GMC (70 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Riverhead, NY / 70 miles away from New York, NY

    CARFAX One-Owner. Certified. 2023 Toyota Tundra SR5 Gray 4WD 4WD, Cloth.Toyota Details: * Powertrain Limited Warranty: 84 Month/100,000 Mile (whicheve...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5EC0PX011205
    Stock: 43942U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 17,974 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to NY*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 769 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (19 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFJC5DB3PX039106
    Stock: 27106912
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 18,246 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NY*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 2,431 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFMA5DB7PX064142
    Stock: 27504266
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 18,940 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to NY*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,571 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DB5PX100552
    Stock: 27294379
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 19,681 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,325 miles away from New York, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFJA5DB7PX113648
    Stock: 2003736352
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 31,149 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Glen Toyota (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fair Lawn, NJ / 15 miles away from New York, NY

    One Owner, 3.4L V6. Odometer is 3432 miles below market average! CARFAX One-Owner.Certified. Ice 2023 Toyota Tundra Hybrid TRD Pro 4WD 10-Speed Automa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFPC5DB4PX021093
    Stock: P8775
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 20,832 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boston, MA / 185 miles away from New York, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFMA5DB7PX117518
    Stock: 2003708803
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 21,038 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to NY*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Milwaukie, OR / 2,435 miles away from New York, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5EC5PX012477
    Stock: 26834019
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $42,990
    fair price
    $280 above market
    • 53,196 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Divan Auto Group (67 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Feasterville Trevose, PA / 67 miles away from New York, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DB8PX062928
    Stock: 062928
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 21,245 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,370 miles away from New York, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFJA5DB8PX069904
    Stock: 2003767552
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 23,624 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 949 miles away from New York, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFJC5BC4PX001153
    Stock: 2003424863
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 21,833 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 645 miles away from New York, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFNA5DB3PX102700
    Stock: 2003722333
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

Showing 148 - 168 out of 1,033 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Tundra

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Tundra
Overall Consumer Rating
2.7 out of 5 stars68 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 68 reviews
  • 5 star
    (25%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (19%)
  • 1 star
    (34%)
3 out of 5 stars

Toyota wants you to pay monthly for functions

Lwnc, 07/08/2023
2023 Toyota Tundra Platinum 4dr CrewMax SB w/6.5' Bed (3.5L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric hybrid 10A)
I just bought a 2023 Tundra Platinum and won't recommend this truck UNLESS you fully understand what Toyota is trying to do and can live (and pay) for it. Toyota is trying to setup their cars as a service where you pay monthly for car functions even though you already paid them $69,000. Simple things like remote start from fob Toyota doesn't work unless you pay a monthly fee for … wireless......which you SHOULDN'T need if you already have internet access thru your cell phone. 2nd all those functions that require Toyotas wireless to be enabled (requiring monthly fee) stop working when you DON'T have cell coverage .....REALLY??? Toyota really is working hard to "screw" over its customers ....
Report abuse

Used 2023 Toyota Tundra in New York, NY Values

Estimated values
2023 Toyota Tundra Limited 4dr CrewMax 4WD SB w/5.5' Bed (3.4L 6cyl Turbo 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$45,969$48,093$50,479
Clean$45,365$47,379$49,645
Average$44,358$46,189$48,254
Rough$43,048$44,642$46,446

The average list price of a used 2023 Toyota Tundra in New York, New York is $53,363. The average mileage on a used Toyota Tundra 2023 for sale in New York, New York is 22,789. Based on the average mileage of 22,789 for used 2023 Toyota Tundra for sale in New York, NY and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Tundra 2023 in New York, New York to be $44,358.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.