Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,798 listings
    • 70 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Fortec Jeeps For Sale (271 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 271 miles away from Charleston, SC

    2023 Jeep Gladiator Sport Custom This FORTEC "Einsteiger" Package is based on a brand new 2023 Jeep Gladiator Sport S. To clear those massive 37"...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG8PL579283
    Stock: 1013EV
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-20-2023

    • 44,343 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Dutch Miller Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (405 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Charleston, WV / 405 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Vehicle DetailsUnleash your adventurous spirit with this dynamic 2023 Jeep Gladiator Sport S! This robust vehicle, with just 44,343 miles, is ready to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG6PL532754
    Stock: R3951
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 26,987 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Toyota of Hollywood (460 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hollywood, FL / 460 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Silver Zynith Clearcoat 2023 Jeep Gladiator Mojave 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVT BACKUP CAMERA, BLUETOOTH, LEATHER, NAVIGATION, POWER PACKAGE,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEGXPL508484
    Stock: 25370901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 2,691 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Stallings Motors (278 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cairo, GA / 278 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Looking for a used car at an affordable price? This vehicle won't be on the lot long! A great vehicle and a great value! This 4 door, 5 passenger truc...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG2PL520276
    Stock: P7055
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-17-2023

    • 32,150 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Impex Chevrolet GMC (253 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Reidsville, NC / 253 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Clean CARFAX.2021 Jeep Gladiator Mojave 4WD 8-Speed Automatic Black Clearcoat 3.6L V6 24V VVTGladiator Mojave 4WD, 4D Crew Cab, 3.6L V6 24V VVT.THIS V...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG0ML517321
    Stock: 2JT7321
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

    • 22,433 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 977 miles away from Charleston, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG9PL532134
    Stock: 2003677468
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

    • 23,172 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Palmetto Chevrolet (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Conway, SC / 95 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Serving Horry County for over 80 years!One Owner, Non-Smoker, 240 Amp Alternator, 3.73 Rear Axle Ratio, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Auto-dimming Rear-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTFG2PL501381
    Stock: 6566A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2024

    • 21,589 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Legacy Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (107 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Florence, SC / 107 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Certified. 240 Amp Alternator, Black 3-Piece Hard Top, Class IV Receiver Hitch, Convenience Group, Daytime Running Lamp System, Freedom Panel Storage ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG2PL582499
    Stock: 2323B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

    • 17,657 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Walker Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (415 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hurricane, WV / 415 miles away from Charleston, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG5PL558824
    Stock: BT1685
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 23,850 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Miami Lakes Automall (467 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Miami Lakes, FL / 467 miles away from Charleston, SC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 15971 miles below market average!OVERSIZED CHROME ALLOYS, POWER SEATS, BACKUP CAMERA, BLUETOOTH, MANAGER'S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTFG3ML544882
    Stock: JR5209G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $45,499
    great price
    $7,024 below market
    • 1,098 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Walsh Honda (217 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Macon, GA / 217 miles away from Charleston, SC

    New Price! 2024 Jeep Gladiator Mojave 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVTFEATURES INCLUDE, Clean CARFAX, 1 Owner, Local Trade, Rear Backup Camera, N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG2RL115159
    Stock: 225862B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

    • 28,895 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Valdosta Nissan (231 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Valdosta, GA / 231 miles away from Charleston, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTFG7PL559714
    Stock: AP9905
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,784 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Rick Hendrick Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Charleston, SC / 8 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Brake Actuated Limited Slip Differential, WiFi Hotspot, Smart Device Integration, Apple CarPlay, Keyless Start, Onboard Communications System, iPod/MP...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG2PL524120
    Stock: SA24120
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 11-27-2024

    • 1 mile
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Antwerpen Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (490 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 490 miles away from Charleston, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG4PL580690
    Stock: 234257
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-18-2024

    • 24,887 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Maserati of Tyson's (457 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 457 miles away from Charleston, SC

    more

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTFG1PL527096
    Stock: P4969
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2024

    • 30,042 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Valdosta Nissan (231 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Valdosta, GA / 231 miles away from Charleston, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG9PL563206
    Stock: AP10404
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 34,435 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • White Ford (291 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Roanoke Rapids, NC / 291 miles away from Charleston, SC

    All Routine Maintenance Up To Date. 2021 Jeep Gladiator Overland Diesel lift kit Hydro Blue Pearlcoat Odometer is 35548 miles below market average! 22...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTFM0ML512317
    Stock: TIG2317G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2024

    • 26,614 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Kent Parsons Ford Lincoln (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Martinsburg, WV / 482 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Please call the Dealership to verify this vehicle is still in stock. We pride ourselves in supporting the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia and value...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAGXPL539383
    Stock: 24T131A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-05-2025

    • 19,977 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Randy Marion Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (250 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Wilkesboro, NC / 250 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Randy Marion Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram will buy your car even if you don't buy ours.2023 Jeep Gladiator Rubicon Rubicon 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 3.0L V6 Tu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBMXPL551541
    Stock: 2512W
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 16,304 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Randy Marion Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (250 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Wilkesboro, NC / 250 miles away from Charleston, SC

    Randy Marion Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram will buy your car even if you don't buy ours.2023 Jeep Gladiator Willys Willys 4WD 6-Speed Manual 3.6L V6 24V VVT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG0PL521037
    Stock: 2554W
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

    • 40,970 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Randy Marion Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Salisbury (207 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, NC / 207 miles away from Charleston, SC

    2023 Jeep Gladiator Sport**CARFAX CERTIFIED ONE-OWNER, Gladiator Sport 4x4, 4D Crew Cab, 3.6L V6 24V VVT, 8-Speed Automatic, 4WD, Bright White Clearco...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAGXPL522860
    Stock: 24BC411A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-18-2024

Showing 1,009 - 1,029 out of 2,798 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Gladiator

Read recent reviews for the Jeep Gladiator
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars38 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 38 reviews
  • 5 star
    (68%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (16%)
5 out of 5 stars

Perfect for me

Dan Hirvi, 04/22/2022
2022 Jeep Gladiator Sport S 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (3.6L 6cyl 6M)
I highly recommend the Sport S with the Max Tow Package. Torquey and smooth, the automatic 8-speed transmission is pretty nice with the trusty 3.6 L V6. It's a real hauler or puller when I need it, it's articulation is great for some off road adventures and is comfortable on the highway. Plus, the sticker on my door has a rated payload of 1465 lbs! Don't let them tell you it's not "Jeep" … enough or it's not "truck" enough or it's not comfy enough. Get the customer preferred package with hard top and stick with the M+S rated all terrains for smooth and quiet daily driving. This is a perfect niche vehicle for some people!
Report abuse

Used 2023 Jeep Gladiator in Charleston, SC Values

Estimated values
2023 Jeep Gladiator Sport S 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,385$28,041$29,909
Clean$26,087$27,703$29,526
Average$25,590$27,139$28,887
Rough$24,944$26,407$28,056

The average list price of a used 2023 Jeep Gladiator in Charleston, South Carolina is $41,724. The average mileage on a used Jeep Gladiator 2023 for sale in Charleston, South Carolina is 23,188. Based on the average mileage of 23,188 for used 2023 Jeep Gladiator for sale in Charleston, SC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Jeep Gladiator 2023 in Charleston, South Carolina to be $25,590.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.