Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
206 listings
  • Price Drop
    $24,800
    great price
    $2,734 below market
    • 107,146 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Celebrity Ford of Tom's River (499 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Toms River, NJ / 499 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Ultra White 2019 Lexus RX 350L AWD 8-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 DOHC VVT-i 24VAbsolutely perfect service history at Lexus. A Truly ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA9K2019495
    Stock: FP180
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • $25,795
    great price
    $1,578 below market
    • 89,528 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • GW Trucks (292 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 292 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGZKCA4K2013925
    Stock: 11334
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $25,999
    great price
    $2,572 below market
    • 145,199 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mainline Auto Sales (466 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Deptford, NJ / 466 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKFA4M2032641
    Stock: 032641
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $42,322
    good price
    $2,225 below market
    • 15,377 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Stivers Ford South of Union City (330 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Union City, GA / 330 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    The 2021 Lexus RX 350L (VIN: JTJHZKFA5M2032129) is a refined and versatile luxury SUV that offers a blend of performance, comfort, and advanced techno...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKFA5M2032129
    Stock: AD1135A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • $33,820
    good price
    $2,189 below market
    • 40,300 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Genesis of Monroeville (464 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Monroeville, PA / 464 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA8K2020881
    Stock: ET25473A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,000
    good price
    $1,736 below market
    • 50,086 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • FC Auto Sales & Service (366 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Falls Church, VA / 366 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    What are you waiting for? This Lexus won't be on the lot long! This is an excellent vehicle at an affordable price! Lexus infused the interior with to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA6K2018644
    Stock: 7998
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-10-2024

  • Price Drop
    $30,669
    fair price
    $23 below market
    • 74,843 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Peter Boulware Toyota of Columbia (133 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Columbia, SC / 133 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA5K2017050
    Stock: 017050P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-08-2025

  • $38,899
    fair price
    $66 below market
    • 43,218 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Fort Washington Chevrolet (358 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Washington, MD / 358 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    Come visit us at the all new Fort Washington Chevrolet! We are just 7 minutes from the beltway on route 210 (Indian Head hwy). Under new ownership, wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKFA4M2031733
    Stock: 259151A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-16-2025

  • $40,998
    fair price
    $639 above market
    • 23,598 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to SC*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Victorville, CA / 2,190 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKEAXM2020320
    Stock: 27198833
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $30,349
    fair price
    $882 below market
    • 60,436 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • HoneyCar Charlottesville (296 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Charlottesville, VA / 296 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGZKCAXK2012701
    Stock: K2012701
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • $31,777
    good price
    $1,070 below market
    • 56,876 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Perfect Auto (354 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 354 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    Step into luxury with our sleek black 2019 Lexus RX 350L! This beauty is more than just a mode of transportation - it's a statement piece. Imagine cru...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA4K2019064
    Stock: 019064
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $38,998
    fair price
    $567 above market
    • 38,520 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MA to SC*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Westborough, MA / 706 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKEA6M2022839
    Stock: 27320379
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $29,780
    fair price
    $116 above market
    • 66,610 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Verona, NJ / 549 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keep...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA5K2015072
    Stock: MAJ3453
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $36,899
    fair price
    $1,057 above market
    • 56,554 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Parks Lincoln of Tampa (451 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 451 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    *****LIFETIME LIMITED POWERTRAIN WARRANTY**PARKS LINCOLN OF TAMPA PHONE 8**-9**-6Lexus RX 350L FWD 8-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V * NAVIGATION...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKEAXM2020818
    Stock: TAS09622A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • $35,462
    fair price
    $85 below market
    • 53,813 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Cool Springs (479 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brentwood, TN / 479 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGZKCA1K2013008
    Stock: N251036A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,695
    good price
    $1,378 below market
    • 118,409 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • VIP Auto Outlet (476 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Maple Shade, NJ / 476 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    This Lexus RX 350L BASE, with a 3.5L V6 290hp 263ft. lbs. engine, features a 8-Speed Shiftable Automatic transmission, and generates 25 highway/18 cit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKFA3M2031030
    Stock: M8018
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • $35,888
    fair price
    $397 above market
    • 26,497 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Hennessy Lexus of Atlanta (315 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 315 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    Hennessy Lexus of Atlanta is proud to offer you this Exceptional 2019 Lexus RX! It comes well appointed, is exceptionally clean, and has undergone a r...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGZKCAXK2010561
    Stock: 2251297A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 76,283 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • Arlington Toyota Jacksonville (286 mi away)
    • Noble Brown w/Semi-A...
    • Tilt & Slide Sun/Moo...
    • Recent Arrival!BACKU...
    • Blind spot monitorin...
    • Remote keyless entry
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 286 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    Recent Arrival!BACKUP CAMERA, BLUETOOTH HANDS FREE, BLIND SPOT MONITORING, HEATED LEATHER SEATS, POWER SEATS, POWER LIFTGATE, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, PUSH B...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGZKCA6K2013828
    Stock: AX20726
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 54,751 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Scotland Motors (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Laurinburg, NC / 79 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    Scotland Motors has helped thousands of people find the perfect vehicle at the best price. Our professional staff is trained to help you with the enti...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA2K2016115
    Stock: 016115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-08-2024

    • 29,378 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Brambleton Imports (249 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Roanoke, VA / 249 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJHZKFA0M2033513
    Stock: 033513
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-11-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 110,395 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Kevin's Kars (274 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 274 miles away from Myrtle Beach, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJDZKCA5K2019638
    Stock: 019638
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

;
Showing 106 - 126 out of 206 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus RX 350L

Read recent reviews for the Lexus RX 350L
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (10%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
3 out of 5 stars

I wanted so badly to like it!

Dennis, 01/28/2018
2018 Lexus RX 350L Luxury 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl 8A)
So I'm a current Lexus owner, love the brand and have been waiting months for the RX-L to come out and replace our family vehicle with a 3 row SUV. I was so excited when the RXL came out and I went to the dealership with checkbook in hand, ready to buy. I literally cannot understand what Lexus was thinking with the 3rd row design. I expect midsize SUV 3rd rows to be child-sized, but … this was completely non-functional and worse than any I've ever seen. With the 2nd row seats in the back position, the back of the 2nd row seat touches the bench of the 3rd row with precisely zero leg space. It touches! With the second row seats in the farthest forward position, I (or my teenage kids) STILL could not lock the second row seat in place (in it's farthest forward position) because the knees of the 3rd row passenger were in the way. It was physically impossible. The fact that the car is only 4 inches longer than the 2 row version should have been my first clue. If you need to get any child older than about 5 or a dog (which is exactly what they show in the new RXL commercial), the 3rd row is physically impossible to use. Not just cramped, not just tight, both of which I expected. Literally physically impossible to use and completely worthless. It was such a disappointment. We ended up buying the highest optioned Toyota Highlander (AWD hybrid limited platinum) instead. Not quite a Lexus, but darn, darn close and a bit cheaper too. I was so excited waiting for the RXL, but it's a complete whiff with regard to the 3rd row, which is what we were holding out for. I still love the two row version, the RX is still a great vehicle, but the RXL turned out to be completely pointless.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Lexus RX 350L in Myrtle Beach, SC Values

Estimated values
2019 Lexus RX 350L 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$27,611$30,304$32,696
Clean$27,029$29,660$31,995
Average$26,058$28,586$30,827
Rough$24,796$27,189$29,308

The average list price of a used 2019 Lexus RX 350L in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina is $32,531. The average mileage on a used Lexus RX 350L 2019 for sale in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina is 63,706. Based on the average mileage of 63,706 for used 2019 Lexus RX 350L for sale in Myrtle Beach, SC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus RX 350L 2019 in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina to be $26,058.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.