Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
542 listings
  • New Listing
    • 71,025 miles
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fremont, CA / 644 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDXZ3DC7HS802743
    Stock: 27531089
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $33,990
    fair price
    $958 above market
    • 51,085 miles
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,568 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC2KS991040
    Stock: 2003928954
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

    • 47,930 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,937 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDZ3DC1HS160734
    Stock: 2003816734
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

    • 25,409 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CT to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in East Haven, CT / 2,191 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDXZ3DC8HS847898
    Stock: 26665571
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 97,005 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 36 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Phoenix (26 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 26 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKRKEC3MS042260
    Stock: 2003916060
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

    • 115,413 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pharr, TX / 949 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DCXHS811229
    Stock: 27375801
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 126,699 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 834 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC7HS811608
    Stock: 26763568
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 45,065 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Phoenix - Gilbert (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gilbert, AZ / 4 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDXSKFC1MS039897
    Stock: 27415338
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 110,561 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tyler, TX / 957 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC4HS817334
    Stock: 27227825
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 108,822 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from ME to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in South Portland, ME / 2,328 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC3HS883244
    Stock: 27170494
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 152,349 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Findlay Toyota of Prescott (102 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Prescott, AZ / 102 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDZ3DC2KS219314
    Stock: PT8679A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

    • 34,008 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 649 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DCXHS799373
    Stock: 2003885759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 113,783 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 280 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDZ3DC0HS164421
    Stock: 27357584
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 42,631 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Alexander Toyota (168 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Yuma, AZ / 168 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    This 2021 Toyota Sienna is offered to you for sale by Alexander Toyota. The paint is in excellent condition and it is apparent that this car was garag...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZRKEC5MS013342
    Stock: 19437
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

    • 84,235 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Modesto, CA / 602 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC9HS810637
    Stock: 27335380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 97,936 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 1,684 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDXZ3DC6HS897635
    Stock: 27623274
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 73,587 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,937 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC9KS020763
    Stock: 2002779796
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-02-2024

    • 64,286 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,776 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC4HS824574
    Stock: 2003881761
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 58,818 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 36 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Camelback Toyota (24 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 24 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    This is a Certified Pre-Owned Vehicle by MPP.Apple Car Play, Bluetooth, Local Trade, Back Up Camera, Push Button Start, Third Row Seating. Certified. ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKRKEC7MS019029
    Stock: 110211A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 55,505 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 1,946 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDZ3DC6HS187895
    Stock: 27696719
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 62,241 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 870 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYZ3DC8HS795371
    Stock: 2003864466
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 542 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Sienna

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Sienna
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars36 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 36 reviews
  • 5 star
    (44%)
  • 4 star
    (36%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

Flawed but better than the rest

Royals4630, 05/31/2019
2018 Toyota Sienna XLE 8-Passenger 4dr Minivan (3.5L 6cyl 8A)
I have owned a Honda Odyssey, Dodge Grand Caravan, and now the Toyota Sienna. The Sienna definitely has some quirks that take getting used to. 1) the new drive train they installed in the 2018+ is good and bad. The engine has plenty of high end power and will have no problem getting you up to speed. The engine how is not torquey like most Toyota engines but when paired with the new … transmission, it can be a bit annoying. People think their 2018 Sienna is not shifting right when they hit the gas, there is a delay, then a downshift or abrupt take off. This is just the design and is something you need to get used to. 2) The infotainment is pretty bad. Trying get Scout GPS to work all of the time and connect your phone is problematic at times. You do get used to what works and what doesn't but out of the box it is cumbersome. While those seem like deal breakers to some, they aren't for me. My 2012 Odyssey blew out its transmission at 100k miles, my 2017 Grand Caravan needed new lifters, injectors, and new struts by 30k miles. It was all under warranty but crazy it needed that much work. I buy all my vehicles a year or two old from reputable dealers. The Odyssey I felt went before it should of but I did get at least a decent run out of it. My caravan was just a hot steamy pile of garbage. That brings me to my Sienna. It is reliable, it is strong, and it is problem free. I will gladly take some quirks that take getting used to in favor of having a problem free van that I can keep for the long haul. So many vehicles out there remind me modern Range Rovers. So perfectly functional and nice in the beginning, then you spend the following years pouring in money for maintenance. Do yourself a favor and get a Sienna not because it is better than the Pacifica or Odyssey, but because it will give you far less problems and never let you down.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Toyota Sienna in Chandler, AZ Values

Estimated values
2017 Toyota Sienna SE 8-Passenger 4dr Minivan (3.5L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$19,837$23,313$26,001
Clean$19,104$22,404$24,935
Average$17,883$20,889$23,157
Rough$16,294$18,919$20,846

The average list price of a used 2017 Toyota Sienna in Chandler, Arizona is $30,076. The average mileage on a used Toyota Sienna 2017 for sale in Chandler, Arizona is 78,019. Based on the average mileage of 78,019 for used 2017 Toyota Sienna for sale in Chandler, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Sienna 2017 in Chandler, Arizona to be $17,883.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.