Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
125 listings
  • $13,493
    great price
    $3,387 below market
    • 64,626 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Auto House (28 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 28 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E86JG109876
    Stock: AH109876
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $15,990
    fair price
    $900 below market
    • 63,398 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Phoenix (32 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 32 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F83JG109686
    Stock: 2003539453
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-03-2025

  • $14,435
    fair price
    $130 above market
    • 93,794 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Cactus Auto Company (85 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 85 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    Welcome to Cactus Auto, the oasis of joy for every car enthusiast! A family-owned delight that has been vrooming happiness into customers' lives since...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F83JG126195
    Stock: 31263
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,590
    fair price
    $75 below market
    • 70,131 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Phoenix (32 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 32 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D82KG117458
    Stock: 2003424336
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • $9,499
    great price
    $2,792 below market
    • 117,466 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Buy Right Auto Sales #2 (36 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 36 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CALL TODAY IF YOU NEED A NEW CAR. 1 DEALER IN ARIZONA ?????????????? 100% APPROVAL RATINGS ???????????? CALL 6**-2**-5***?? ?? ?? ?? ?????????????????...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F82JG109338
    Stock: 109338
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-07-2024

  • Price Drop
    $12,995
    great price
    $3,025 below market
    • 84,539 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Paramus, NJ / 2,110 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,V6 Cylinder Engine,Power Door Locks,Satellit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2H81JG114270
    Stock: PHP8918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $15,995
    good price
    $1,932 below market
    • 31,277 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Jones Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (78 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Wickenburg, AZ / 78 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    Ready to cruise the open roads of Wickenburg and Phoenix, AZ in style? This 2018 Ford Taurus SEL is calling your name! With a sleek design and smooth ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E89JG109287
    Stock: X9006
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • $11,899
    good price
    $1,045 below market
    • 104,212 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Ford Scottsdale (26 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 26 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new battery! Charcoal Black; Heated Leather Front Bucket SeatsEquipment Group 201AVo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E86GG132051
    Stock: GG132051
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,138
    fair price
    $781 below market
    • 85,344 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Chapman Volkswagen (21 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 21 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E89JG114215
    Stock: VP3125
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • $10,995
    good price
    $1,467 below market
    • 105,488 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Top Speed Motors (90 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 90 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D87JG105661
    Stock: 105661
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2024

  • $12,900
    fair price
    $129 below market
    • 121,375 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roseburg, OR / 924 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Brake Assist,Navigation System,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof,WiF...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E89JG120127
    Stock: 29140F
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $18,990
    fair price
    $386 above market
    • 45,182 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 1,636 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2H80JG133232
    Stock: 2003660488
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 12,930 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Show Low Ford (104 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Show Low, AZ / 104 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E84JG140785
    Stock: 25150B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 115,992 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,468 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E87JG142210
    Stock: 2003680624
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 64,118 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Brown & Brown Wholesale (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 18 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2J85JG131535
    Stock: 131535A_1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-03-2022

  • Price Drop
    $13,998
    fair price
    $836 above market
    • 107,222 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 1,545 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F83JG109543
    Stock: 26296468
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 97,077 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 1,942 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2KT7JG138554
    Stock: 26826357
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,899
    good price
    $2,291 below market
    • 26,837 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Desert Auto Deals (25 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Tempe, AZ / 25 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    2019 Ford Taurus SEL Sedan 4D VIN: 1FAHP2E81KG100455 Stock#: DAD100455 Engine: V6, 3.5 Liter Transmission: Automatic, 6-Spd w/SelectShift Drive Train:...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E81KG100455
    Stock: 100455
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2024

  • New Listing
    $21,990
    good price
    $1,026 below market
    • 85,255 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,718 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2KT0KG100133
    Stock: 2003668319
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $905 above market
    • 58,967 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 1,768 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E80KG102570
    Stock: 27126485
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 98,846 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Gainsville, GA / 1,584 miles away from Apache Junction, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F88KG114464
    Stock: 26169749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 125 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Taurus

Read recent reviews for the Ford Taurus
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (70%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

Its a Taurus stupid, affordable and reliable!

Mr. Chris, 01/27/2019
2018 Ford Taurus SEL 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
It's so nice these Bozos at Edmunds are talking bad about this car, because the price only gets better for me. I have had two Taurus in the past and drove them over 10 years each with no problems, other than replacing a starter after nine years. These Taurus are not expensive Mercedes or BMW's, they are solid reliable quality transportation at a good price. After trading my last Taurus … for a 2015 Ford Fusion SE, it's so nice to have my Taurus back! This 2018 Taurus SEL is the best car I ever drove.. It is solid, safe, with plenty of power, and it will get 28 MPG on the highway all day long with much extra power. The Taurus has plenty of room for long trips, and you won't have to be pulled out by your wife when you get home from work. The FWD Taurus will get you anywhere you have to go with great traction. Forget the "made in Mexico" Fusion, six recalls in four years, no power, and you need a can opener to get in and out just to save 3mpg and that is if you drive it easy. I'm sure the Avalon may have extra fancy features but you are going to pay for them fancy buttons too starting at $38,000 with no discounts. Yes I give the 2018-2019 Taurus five stars and it won't break your bank account paying for it.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Ford Taurus in Apache Junction, AZ Values

Estimated values
2018 Ford Taurus SEL 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$11,383$14,684$17,399
Clean$10,990$14,167$16,775
Average$10,335$13,306$15,736
Rough$9,483$12,187$14,385

The average list price of a used 2018 Ford Taurus in Apache Junction, Arizona is $15,694. The average mileage on a used Ford Taurus 2018 for sale in Apache Junction, Arizona is 78,766. Based on the average mileage of 78,766 for used 2018 Ford Taurus for sale in Apache Junction, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Taurus 2018 in Apache Junction, Arizona to be $10,335.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.