Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
449 listings
  • Price Drop
    $22,749
    good price
    $2,544 below market
    • 73,303 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats
    • Bob Caldwell Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (498 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 498 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFGXH1113470
    Stock: 47073
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • $23,990
    fair price
    $69 below market
    • 88,984 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 15 Seats
    • Donohoo Chevrolet (154 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Fort Payne, AL / 154 miles away from Macon, GA

    If you wish to have vehicle shipped to you, that is a separate charge determined by distance. Please use the listed price as the most up to date price...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFG1H1269218
    Stock: 65870
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2023

  • $21,190
    good price
    $1,956 below market
    • 82,522 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Triumph Auto Sales (382 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 382 miles away from Macon, GA

    This Express van runs and drives great!!!!Call JIM 901-647-1550 Call JIM 901-647-1550 Call JIM 901-647-1550View all of o...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFF0H1335894
    Stock: YT5416
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Appraise
    my car

    Get the Edmunds appraisal report and a no-obligation offer for your car

    See my car’s value
  • $27,587
    fair price
    $542 above market
    • 20,826 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 12 Seats
    • Dan Cummins Chevrolet Buick of Paris (368 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Paris, KY / 368 miles away from Macon, GA

    Discover the Power and Versatility of the 2017 Chevrolet Express 2500: A Reliable Companion for Every JourneyIntroducing the 2017 Chevrolet Express...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNWGEFG8H1258349
    Stock: 123262A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 109,309 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • City Auto Memphis (382 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 382 miles away from Macon, GA

    Vehicle DetailsDiscover the impressive capabilities of the 2017 Chevrolet Express 2500 LS, a versatile and reliable full-size van that stands ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAWGEFF4H1264125
    Stock: 510380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,000
    great price
    $8,866 below market
    • 34,702 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 15 Seats
    • Terry Subaru (406 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Lynchburg, VA / 406 miles away from Macon, GA

    ***This vehicle has the incorrect rear seats and seatbelts therefore it does not pass VA State Safety Inspection. It is being sold AS IS**** Stock num...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFG2J1321168
    Stock: P11950
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-05-2024

    • 158,545 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Ohio (488 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 488 miles away from Macon, GA

    *Disclaimer*PRICE LISTED DOES NOT INCLUDE TAX (TAX RATE VARIES DEPENDING ON STATE, CITY, & COUNTY), TITLE ($20), TEMP TAG ($20.50) MEMO-TITLE FOR REGI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFF6H1262725
    Stock: X9145A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-21-2025

  • $27,545
    fair price
    $1,776 below market
    • 28,924 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 12 Seats
    • Auto Boutique Ohio (488 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 488 miles away from Macon, GA

    Carfax and Autocheck accident free.*Disclaimer*PRICE LISTED DOES NOT INCLUDE TAX (TAX RATE VARIES DEPENDING ON STATE, CITY, & COUNTY), TITLE ($20), TE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFPXJ1338820
    Stock: Y1519
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $22,999
    fair price
    $354 below market
    • 76,634 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales Pelham (174 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Pelham, AL / 174 miles away from Macon, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGMFG9G1170899
    Stock: 7PF34R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • $27,350
    fair price
    $390 below market
    • 39,455 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats
    • Auto World of Nashville (278 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Old Hickory, TN / 278 miles away from Macon, GA

    This 2018 Chevrolet Express Cargo Van 3dr LT EXTENDED 3500 VAN features a 4.3L V6 CYLINDER 6cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a 8 Speed Automat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFP9J1235372
    Stock: 235372
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2024

  • New Listing
    $26,402
    fair price
    $171 below market
    • 69,429 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats
    • Enterprise Car Sales Clermont (324 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Clermont, FL / 324 miles away from Macon, GA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFG2J1215948
    Stock: 7QCJCB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • $24,488
    fair price
    $1,080 above market
    • 68,411 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 15 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Charlotte (238 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 238 miles away from Macon, GA

    Seating; 15-Passenger; (2-3-3-3-4 Seating Configuration)3rd Row SeatChrome Appearance PackageSteering Wheel; Leather-WrappedRemote Keyless EntryA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGNFF2G1245942
    Stock: G1245942
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • $16,999
    great price
    $3,491 below market
    • 121,025 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Luxury Cars of Atlanta (68 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Snellville, GA / 68 miles away from Macon, GA

    2017 Chevrolet Express, LT 3500 3dr Extended 15 Passenger Van, 6-Way Power Driver Seat Adjuster, 15-Passenger Seating , leather seats

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFF4H1238309
    Stock: 238309
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,599
    great price
    $4,352 below market
    • 61,496 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Saia Auto Consultants (455 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 455 miles away from Macon, GA

    SAIA AUTO IS PROUD TO OFFER THIS VERY NICE LOOKING LOW MILEAGE 2017 CHEVROLET EXPRESS G3500 LT EXTENDED RWD PASSENGER VAN FINISHED IN SUMMIT WHITE WIT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFG4H1138168
    Stock: 138168
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,450
    great price
    $3,331 below market
    • 131,436 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Car Source (485 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Grove City, OH / 485 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFG3H1180637
    Stock: 61235
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 121,212 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 15 Seats
    • Impex Chevrolet GMC (337 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Reidsville, NC / 337 miles away from Macon, GA

    2016 Chevrolet Express 3500 LT Passenger RWD 6-Speed Automatic HD with Electronic Overdrive Black Vortec 6.0L V8 SFI Flex FuelTHIS VEHICLE INCLUDES TH...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFG5G1184560
    Stock: 1FV0672A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-04-2023

  • Price Drop
    $27,545
    great price
    $3,563 below market
    • 39,439 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 12 Seats
    • Walt Sweeney Ford (434 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 434 miles away from Macon, GA

    Conquer Comfort & Capability: Certified Pre-Owned 2019 Chevrolet Express 3500 Passenger Van - Only 39,000 miles!Looking for a reliable and spacious ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGMFP9K1301628
    Stock: K1301628
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • $20,995
    good price
    $2,767 below market
    • 83,456 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Lloyd's Sales and Storage (358 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 358 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGNFGXH1294851
    Stock: 7075
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • $15,900
    good price
    $2,247 below market
    • 158,895 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Barrow Auto Group (76 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, GA / 76 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    12 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAZGPFF4H1208842
    Stock: 1919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,927
    fair price
    $712 below market
    • 20,772 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 12 Seats
    • Bleecker Buick GMC (299 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Red Springs, NC / 299 miles away from Macon, GA

    Summit White exterior and Medium Pewter interior. 3rd Row Seat, WiFi Hotspot, Back-Up Camera, Rear Air, TRANSMISSION, 6-SPEED AUTOMATIC, HEAV... ENGIN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GAWGEFG7K1310529
    Stock: P33118
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-10-2025

  • $13,995
    fair price
    $654 below market
    • 143,759 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 12 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • VIP Auto Sales (458 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Franklin, OH / 458 miles away from Macon, GA

    Clean title 3 owner van with no accidents reported! Great cargo van with plenty of room! Ready to work and be driven for many more miles. Come on in ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GBWGRFF8F1228017
    Stock: 11901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2023

Showing 1 - 21 out of 449 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Express

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Express
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (48%)
  • 4 star
    (26%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Van for All uses

AKJIM, 05/29/2005
2005 Chevrolet Express 3500 Rwd 3dr Ext Van (6.0L 8cyl 4A)
This is my second Chevrolet Express G3500 extended wheelbase 15 passenger Van. My first was a 2002 which now has over 62000 miles and both looks and runs like it is new. This 2005 has all the indications of being the same way, excellent throughout. I've had equivalent Ford's in the past and these Chev Vans are vastly better in handling and reliability. The 2005 has a 6.0 L engine … which gets about 13% better fuel economy than the 5.7 on my 2002. I'm getting 18-19 mpg at 55 mph on long highway trips with this 2005. I'm very happy with it.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Chevrolet Express in Macon, GA Values

Estimated values
2017 Chevrolet Express LT 3500 3dr Ext Van (6.0L 8cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,192$20,456$23,734
Clean$15,629$19,706$22,820
Average$14,690$18,457$21,297
Rough$13,470$16,832$19,317

The average list price of a used 2017 Chevrolet Express in Macon, Georgia is $22,658. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Express 2017 for sale in Macon, Georgia is 82,502. Based on the average mileage of 82,502 for used 2017 Chevrolet Express for sale in Macon, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Express 2017 in Macon, Georgia to be $14,690.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.