Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
44 listings
  • Price Drop
    $22,495
    fair price
    $94 above market
    • 58,058 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Hanover (53 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hanover, MA / 53 miles away from Nashua, NH

    Moonroof, Nav System, Leather, Full-Time 4MATIC® All-Wheel, Turbo Charged Engine, Aluminum Wheels, Quad Bucket Seats, PREMIUM 2 PACKAGE, LANE TRACKING...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6HB8GA170278
    Stock: GA170278
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $21,250
    fair price
    $564 above market
    • 73,311 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CARMART (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Walpole, MA / 45 miles away from Nashua, NH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6HB3GA165201
    Stock: CM-165201
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 60,920 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Burlington (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Burlington, MA / 24 miles away from Nashua, NH

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers Certified pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who ins...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6HB9FA148885
    Stock: S018116A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $25,998
    fair price
    $337 below market
    • 95,295 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Boston (33 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Somerville, MA / 33 miles away from Nashua, NH

    Selenite Grey Metallic exterior and Crystal/Seashell Grey interior. Heated Leather Seats, Moonroof, Nav System, Rear Air, Full-Time All-Wheel, Turbo C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB9JA205511
    Stock: M323156A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,850
    fair price
    $446 below market
    • 124,360 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Prestige Motor Sales (31 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Malden, MA / 31 miles away from Nashua, NH

    The 2014 Mercedes-Benz CLS 550 stands as a stunning example of German engineering and luxury design. With its elegant four-door coupe styling, it comb...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BBXEA095171
    Stock: 095171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $44,590
    fair price
    $1,846 above market
    • 56,336 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 862 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7GB5GA166194
    Stock: 2003991434
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 52,037 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,477 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6FB2GA179898
    Stock: 2003996342
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 72,795 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 936 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB0GA166592
    Stock: 2004020350
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-08-2025

    • 79,457 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Executive Auto Sales (59 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Smithfield, RI / 59 miles away from Nashua, NH

    1-Owner new car trade in fresh arrival. Rare find CLS 550 4-Matic, black, black leather heated and ventilated seats, power sun-roof, Harmon Kardon sou...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB4GA165606
    Stock: 3638
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • $24,990
    great price
    $2,301 below market
    • 69,951 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Seacoast Truck and Auto (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hampton Falls, NH / 32 miles away from Nashua, NH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB8HA199260
    Stock: 3578677577
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • $18,975
    fair price
    $221 below market
    • 112,351 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • IMotoBank (46 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Walpole, MA / 46 miles away from Nashua, NH

    If youre looking for a luxury car thats powerful, stylish, and fun to drive this is it. This is the 2017 Mercedes-Benz CLS 550 4MATIC with All-Wheel ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BBXHA204037
    Stock: 204037
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

    • 66,063 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,536 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB2HA190912
    Stock: 2003917906
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 58,602 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 790 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB3FA137469
    Stock: 2004002331
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $20,998
    fair price
    $225 below market
    • 40,036 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Boston (33 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Somerville, MA / 33 miles away from Nashua, NH

    designo® Magno Cashmere White Matte exterior and Black interior. Heated Leather Seats, Moonroof, Navigation, Multi-CD Changer, Satellite Radio, Premiu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB3CA050456
    Stock: M15833
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

  • $25,880
    good price
    $2,740 below market
    • 75,945 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Champion Auto (44 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Quincy, MA / 44 miles away from Nashua, NH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB3JA203432
    Stock: 203432
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2024

    • 102,536 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Shopicar (46 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Canton, MA / 46 miles away from Nashua, NH

    Discerning drivers will appreciate the 2014 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class! This is an exceptional vehicle at an affordable price! Smooth gearshifts are achi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7GBXEA120812
    Stock: S-120812
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,990
    fair price
    $139 below market
    • 62,937 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 862 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB6EA090064
    Stock: 2003298529
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-09-2024

  • New Listing
    • 50,547 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • AlphaCars (20 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boxborough, MA / 20 miles away from Nashua, NH

    [+] Please contact us to confirm vehicle availability and location.ALPHACARS & MOTORCYCLESOnly 50,310 miles! 2014 Mercedes CLS 550, 096955 WHY THIS VE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB3EA096955
    Stock: 096955
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 79,736 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,271 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB5JA205863
    Stock: 2004030543
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2025

  • $44,884
    good price
    $3,059 below market
    • 24,599 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Mastria Volkswagen of Raynham (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raynham, MA / 64 miles away from Nashua, NH

    ORIGINAL MSRP $83,148 - WITH ONLY 24K MILES, THIS 429 HP ROCKETSHIP IS AWAITING IT'S FORTUNATE OWNER! WELL EQUIPPED, FEATURES INCLUDE: Adaptive Highbe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J6BB3KA028286
    Stock: PV5724
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-01-2025

  • $35,590
    good price
    $1,309 below market
    • 46,939 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,271 miles away from Nashua, NH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J5KB5KA011788
    Stock: 2003989406
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 44 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars36 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 36 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

CLS400 CAR I EVER OWNED

abacomike, 12/06/2013
2014 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class CLS550 4dr Sedan (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A)
Just purchased a new 2014 Mercedes CLS 550 (MSRP $82,210). I usually purchase E350 Sedans, but because of the superior, outstanding deal I got on this vehicle, I could not resist. First noticeable difference is the outstanding power and performance - 402 hp in a 4.7 liter V8. Fit and Finish are outstanding. Interior design and comfort in front seats is astounding. The ride is smoother … and more refined than anything I have ever driven. The car is "dead-out" gorgeous. Safety features like lane-tracking, blind spot monitors and PARKTRONIC are comforting and impeccably designed. Harman/Kardon audio system is unsurpassed in clarity and sound separation. Best car I have ever owned.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class in Nashua, NH Values

Estimated values
2016 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class CLS 400 4MATIC 4dr Sedan AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,336$19,660$22,030
Clean$15,683$18,836$21,065
Average$14,595$17,464$19,457
Rough$13,181$15,680$17,367

The average list price of a used 2016 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class in Nashua, New Hampshire is $26,853. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class 2016 for sale in Nashua, New Hampshire is 69,658. Based on the average mileage of 69,658 for used 2016 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class for sale in Nashua, NH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class 2016 in Nashua, New Hampshire to be $14,595.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.