Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
364 listings
  • New Listing
    • 80,332 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 762 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M16KF117829
    Stock: 2004093857
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 77,376 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to PA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 925 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M11KF132559
    Stock: 27466914
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 42,964 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 2,013 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M11KF135400
    Stock: 27205918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 86,158 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,264 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M30KF120338
    Stock: 2004076881
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 69,147 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Nunzis Auto Sales & Service (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Scranton, PA / 77 miles away from Reading, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M39KF148350
    Stock: F148350
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2025

    • 43,979 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,477 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M10KF140426
    Stock: 27376410
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 40,301 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 657 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M32KF117876
    Stock: 2003910742
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 44,645 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 762 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M14KF141305
    Stock: 2003974884
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 49,839 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,405 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M14KF140137
    Stock: 2004017495
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-08-2025

    • 38,574 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 228 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M37KF133653
    Stock: 2004052667
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 60,604 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 228 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M34KF125817
    Stock: 2004071324
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-15-2025

    • 48,244 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,264 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M16KF133755
    Stock: 2004009089
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 36,948 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to PA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 434 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M33KF146397
    Stock: 27789734
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 39,465 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to PA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Buena Park, CA / 2,338 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M12KF101529
    Stock: 27907506
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 38,873 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 374 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M31KF123118
    Stock: 2004017957
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2025

    • 30,944 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Exclusive Motor Cars (82 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Randallstown, MD / 82 miles away from Reading, PA

    CARFAX One-Owner. This 2021 Majestic White INFINITI QX50 LUXE AWD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits:. AWD 22/28 City/Highway...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5BB0MF114813
    Stock: F114813
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 50,193 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 463 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M16KF139071
    Stock: 2003962026
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

  • New Listing
    • 60,577 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,264 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M33KF122424
    Stock: 2004021546
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

    • 54,599 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Douglas INFINITI (86 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Summit, NJ / 86 miles away from Reading, PA

    *** LOADED CERTIFIED INFINITI WITH UNLIMITED MILEAGE WARRANTY**** AWD, LEATHER, PANO/ROOF, NAVIGATION, LEATHER, CLEAN CARFAX ****

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5DBXMF108014
    Stock: 39888U
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 09-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 88,554 miles
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,405 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M11KF115146
    Stock: 2003863745
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

    • 81,913 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in McKinney, TX / 1,243 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3PCAJ5M16KF143251
    Stock: 27669640
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 127 - 147 out of 364 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX50

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX50
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars28 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 28 reviews
  • 5 star
    (71%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Very happy with this 2016 QX50

Jay Deubel, 04/29/2016
2016 INFINITI QX50 4dr SUV (3.7L 6cyl 7A)
This is a sports car masked as a crossover or smaller SUV. It handles like my former BMW 335i coupe, but with much more room. The technology is very good, with an amazing camera system named Birdseye view. You can see entirely around the car and when you pull into a parking space you can simply push the camera button and see everything around you, including what's in front of you. The … interior is very upscale and the technology is simple to learn. It is much easier that my former BMW and the Mercedes E350 that we currently own. Everything works great including Bluetooth, navigation, phone, voice control and temp control. The gas mileage is not great at about 21 mixed and 24 to 25 on the highway, however, we were looking for performance with luxury options, not an underpowered vehicle with a boxy appearance. This vehicle has styling and turns heads with a flashy dual exhaust and a throaty yet refined sound when you start out or get on it. 0 to 60 is in the low 5's, and passing gear is smooth and powerful. Inside is spacious, especially the back seat with the added space, new in 2016. We are very pleased so far and by reading reviews, we expect maintenance costs to be very low. Lastly, a deeper center console box is needed along with a USB port on the dash instead of in the center console box.
Report abuse

Used 2019 INFINITI QX50 in Reading, PA Values

Estimated values
2019 INFINITI QX50 ESSENTIAL 4dr SUV (2.0L 4cyl Turbo CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,583$17,625$19,439
Clean$15,254$17,250$19,022
Average$14,706$16,626$18,328
Rough$13,994$15,814$17,425

The average list price of a used 2019 INFINITI QX50 in Reading, Pennsylvania is $22,998. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX50 2019 for sale in Reading, Pennsylvania is 55,439. Based on the average mileage of 55,439 for used 2019 INFINITI QX50 for sale in Reading, PA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX50 2019 in Reading, Pennsylvania to be $14,706.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.