Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
542 listings
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $25,796
    fair price
    $99 below market
    • 95,883 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • i.g. Burton Chevrolet of Milford (71 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Milford, DE / 71 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ9GR481550
    Stock: 225127A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,995
    fair price
    $564 below market
    • 155,212 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Barreto Motor Group (67 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Linden, NJ / 67 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ1GR282010
    Stock: 282010
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 113,720 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Naryan Auto Group (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 8 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Experience the perfect blend of luxury and performance with this 2016 GMC Yukon SLT, a one-owner gem that promises to elevate your driving experience....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC2GR170506
    Stock: 170506
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-01-2025

  • $20,900
    great price
    $3,123 below market
    • 100,513 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Car2Sell (71 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Hillside, NJ / 71 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Visit Car2Sell online at car2sell.us to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 888-703-0003 today to schedule your test drive.We Finance Goo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2AKC0HR357819
    Stock: HR357819
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • $23,125
    great price
    $2,853 below market
    • 110,081 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Excel Auto Lounge (39 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Hightstown, NJ / 39 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ9HR349003
    Stock: HR349003
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • $18,990
    great price
    $3,441 below market
    • 101,694 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Magic Auto Sales (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Little Ferry, NJ / 85 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC5HR176334
    Stock: 176334
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $21,595
    fair price
    $1,243 above market
    • 125,488 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • i.g. Burton Chevrolet of Seaford (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Seaford, DE / 94 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC0FR571700
    Stock: 9259316B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

    • 136,872 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Haus of Irvington (72 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Irvington, NJ / 72 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC5FR565259
    Stock: FR565259
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • $13,995
    good price
    $1,642 below market
    • 187,188 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Interstate Motor Group NY LLC (81 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn, NY / 81 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ2FR162618
    Stock: IMG162618
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,967
    good price
    $1,947 below market
    • 116,273 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Speedway Motors (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 84 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ0FR658078
    Stock: MZR658078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 50,541 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 9 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Allentown DriveTime (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Allentown, PA / 45 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2AEC1FR173434
    Stock: 1630093917
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

  • $19,995
    great price
    $5,310 below market
    • 108,849 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • US Auto Auction (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pennsauken, NJ / 5 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ8GR426880
    Stock: 426880
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • $25,395
    great price
    $3,961 below market
    • 129,208 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • G Motors Old Bridge (56 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Old Bridge, NJ / 56 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    2018 GMC Yukon Denali 4WD Sport Utility - Elevate Your DriveExperience the perfect blend of luxury, performance, and versatility with the 2018 GMC Yuk...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ3JR229378
    Stock: OL229378
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,459
    fair price
    $16 above market
    • 152,806 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Maruti Auto Sales (52 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in East Brunswick, NJ / 52 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC9FR265112
    Stock: EB265112
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,995
    great price
    $2,450 below market
    • 96,221 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • EZ Drive (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 84 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2AKC9GR390543
    Stock: 390543
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • $23,995
    great price
    $4,999 below market
    • 111,153 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • The Car House NJ (83 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Butler, NJ / 83 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC9JR205856
    Stock: 205856
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
    • 125,795 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Joshua Motor Car Company (7 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Merchantville, NJ / 7 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC9HR391117
    Stock: 391117
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,299
    good price
    $1,155 below market
    • 199,262 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Empire (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn, NY / 76 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    2016 GMC Yukon Denali 4x4 SUV. 6.2L V8. Fully Loaded! 1 Owner. No Accidents. 199k All Highway Miles. Very Well Maintained. 40 Service History Records....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ3GR406794
    Stock: 406794
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • $21,990
    great price
    $3,527 below market
    • 100,026 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Magic Auto Sales (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Little Ferry, NJ / 85 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC7JR264324
    Stock: 264324
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $579 below market
    • 100,225 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Magothy Motorcars (92 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pasadena, MD / 92 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Visit Magothy Motorcars online at www.magothymotorcars.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 410-437-8700 today to schedule your tes...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2EEF1ER245300
    Stock: 25118
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $25,895
    fair price
    $87 below market
    • 122,947 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Cartopia 46 (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Elmwood Park, NJ / 85 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Check out this 2018! This is a superior vehicle at an affordable price! Comfort and convenience were prioritized within, evidenced by amenities such a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ3JR118345
    Stock: X789A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 542 listings

Consumer Reviews for the GMC Yukon

Read recent reviews for the GMC Yukon
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars56 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 56 reviews
  • 5 star
    (38%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (13%)
  • 1 star
    (21%)
1 out of 5 stars

2015 Yukon Denali - FAIL

John Bucks, 05/11/2018
2015 GMC Yukon Denali 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 8A)
My 2015 Yukon Denali has turned into a total money sink and GMC refuses to take actions required to deliver the Professional Grade product I purchased. I have literally spent thousands of dollars on repairs for poorly designed components that are not covered under the less than inclusive warranty or extended warranty. Most recently when a valve spring break resulted in an engine tear … down and rebuild, while still under warranty, the dealer has been unable to return my vehicle to an acceptable level of quality. GM also apparently catres little about driver and passenger safety as the LED tail lights are constantly failing and are over $800 to replace. GMC had my respect until this vehicle, if you are considering a GMC Yukon I would look elsewhere and focus on a manufacturer that cares about their customers and the sale of a $75k vehicle that is actually worth the money...Big FAIL GMC!
Report abuse

Used 2016 GMC Yukon in Philadelphia, PA Values

Estimated values
2016 GMC Yukon Denali 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$17,538$20,371$22,392
Clean$17,032$19,746$21,666
Average$16,188$18,705$20,454
Rough$15,091$17,351$18,880

The average list price of a used 2016 GMC Yukon in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is $21,131. The average mileage on a used GMC Yukon 2016 for sale in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is 120,950. Based on the average mileage of 120,950 for used 2016 GMC Yukon for sale in Philadelphia, PA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used GMC Yukon 2016 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to be $16,188.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.