Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
744 listings
    • 93,409 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Kayalar Motors (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 126 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A51FLB91703
    Stock: 3810
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2024

  • Price Drop
    $31,990
    fair price
    $52 above market
    • 36,968 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 817 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A50FLB96178
    Stock: 2003605931
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

    • 73,800 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Dallas Cars of Texas (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 195 miles away from Austin, TX

    2015 Porsche Macan S Quad Exhaust, Panoramic Sunroof, Backup Camera, Heated/Cooled Seats, Steering Wheel Controls, Clock Bluetooth Technology, Hands-F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A54FLB70663
    Stock: B70663
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-17-2025

    • 76,150 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Brothers Auto Group (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Pflugerville, TX / 19 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A56FLB51662
    Stock: NB51662
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 67,564 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Carvana - Dallas (190 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 190 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A54HLB19778
    Stock: 2003574596
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

    • 62,367 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • TX Auto Group (138 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 138 miles away from Austin, TX

    - 2017 Porsche Macan GTS AWD SUV- Loaded with Premium Package Plus & Connected Plus & more...- 360 Horsepower Twin Turbocharged 3.0L V6 EngineHave a l...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AG2A58HLB53529
    Stock: B53529-CMAX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 76,008 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 366 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A57FLB55722
    Stock: 2003524074
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

    • 82,083 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • IMD MOTORS (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 195 miles away from Austin, TX

    Our top-of-the-line 2017 Porsche Macan Turbo presented in Volcano Grey Metallic provides a life-affirming ride that will certainly exceed your expecta...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A5XHLB60971
    Stock: PB60971
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-08-2023

    • 42,968 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Bravo Nissan (167 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Baytown, TX / 167 miles away from Austin, TX

    Non-Smoker, Like New, Tinted Windows with Lifetime Warranty, Android Auto, Apple Car Play, Auxiliary Audio Input, Blind Spot Alert, Bluetooth, GPS / N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A52HLB82011
    Stock: PBB82011
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 71,596 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 930 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A54FLB41339
    Stock: 2003691937
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 56,802 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • TX Auto Group (138 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 138 miles away from Austin, TX

    You can always find 50+ photos, plus a walk around video of all of our vehicles on our website. You can find the video above the profile picture of th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AG2A52HLB51498
    Stock: B51498-AC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 46,709 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Gulf Freeway (156 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 156 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A52HLB02027
    Stock: 27351945
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 56,712 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 951 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A56FLB60863
    Stock: 27290041
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 45,764 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Porsche Austin (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 15 miles away from Austin, TX

    Leather Interior in BlackJet Black MetallicPremium Package PlusAuto-Dimming Side MirrorsPorsche Entry & DrivePanoramic Roof SystemLane Keep Assist (LK...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A57HLB60653
    Stock: PP7167
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

    • 79,072 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Dallas I Car (193 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 193 miles away from Austin, TX

    2017 Porsche Macan S Sport Utility 4D V6, Twin Turbo, 3.0 Liter Auto, 7-Spd PDK Dbl-Cltch AWD 4 6 SUV Gasoline 340 Black Black WP1AB2A5XHLB20191 79,07...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A5XHLB20191
    Stock: B20191
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 110,879 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Prince Automobiles (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 60 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A52FLB70385
    Stock: 1595
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-09-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 97,166 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • 8 Stars Motor (192 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 192 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A58FLB54336
    Stock: B54336
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-21-2025

    • 65,344 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • America's Xtreme Auto (150 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 150 miles away from Austin, TX

    Here is closer look in our 2017 Porsche Macan s: https://youtu.be/ynQlnD9s_ok Clean Title We Can Finance! We Take Trade IN-S! CALL US AT 832-553-0010 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A52HLB13929
    Stock: 21017
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 54,259 miles
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 1,686 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A55FLB73765
    Stock: 27449469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 45,476 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,091 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A57FLB44851
    Stock: 26639475
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 46,997 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from McKinney, TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in McKinney, TX / 219 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A58FLB72982
    Stock: 27011102
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 744 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Porsche Macan

Read recent reviews for the Porsche Macan
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars28 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 28 reviews
  • 5 star
    (79%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
5 out of 5 stars

Best handling SUV on the market still going strong

Sam Suen, 06/12/2016
2015 Porsche Macan S 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 7AM)
It might cost a bit more than the competition but its worth every penny. My wife thinks it is luxurious and quiet. My kids think its the most comfortable car we owned and my main attraction to the car is its performance and handling. What kind of black magic is this?! Porsche tunes their base suspension so well that you will be wasting money on PASM or air suspension. You won't need … it unless you are chasing seconds on a race track. The S makes plenty power so I wouldn't bother going with the TURBO unless you want to drag race someone all the time. I would recommend getting at least the BOSE stereo upgrade as the base unit sounds horrible. I would also recommend getting the sport seat for its superior support and comfort. If you keep disciplined and not get tempted by all those other options, you can get it at a reasonable price. I have achieved 29 MPG on the highway at 65 MPH for a 30 minutes stretch. But it is so much fun getting on the gas and listen to the exhaust pop with the gear change. The PDK is nothing short of phenomenal. Your real life mileage will be closer to 20 MPG. Three years in, the car is still a delight. A few recalls have not made any difference to my enjoyment. No unbecoming rattles and shakes. Still have plenty treads on tires and brakes are good for more miles. The Porsche dealers’ pricing for service has gone off the deep end, going from a reasonable $300 for the first service to $1600 for the 30k service. That is basically an oil change and new plugs. Thankfully nothing a local garage cannot handle for a fraction of the cost. The only dilemma I face is what to replace it with when I sell it. June 2018 update. Dealer has learned the errors of its ways. Whole Service department has be reorganized. Offering service specials to get its customers back. Front tires still have 4/32 and rears 6/32. Will replace after the summer. Everything still working well. Still don't see anything in the market which could be a worthwhile replacement. December 2019 update. Tires replaced September 18 with same brand as they lasted 38k miles, not bad at all for an SUV. Brakes replaced ar 40k miles. PDK fluids and filters also changed. Car has been super reliable. Everything still works. The market has finally caught up. Newer models have more technology. Everyone has made their SUV faster and better. The last five years has been trouble free with this vehicle. It handled city highways and winding roads with aplomb. I could probably drive it for another five without breaking a sweat. However, my needs have changed and I no longer need an SUV. The SUV craze gripping the country is making some beloved sedans disappear. I finally traded the Macan S in for a sports sedan. Best get one before those are gone.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Porsche Macan in Austin, TX Values

Estimated values
2015 Porsche Macan Turbo 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl Turbo 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,463$21,630$25,075
Clean$15,869$20,777$24,004
Average$14,880$19,356$22,219
Rough$13,593$17,509$19,898

The average list price of a used 2015 Porsche Macan in Austin, Texas is $26,784. The average mileage on a used Porsche Macan 2015 for sale in Austin, Texas is 66,100. Based on the average mileage of 66,100 for used 2015 Porsche Macan for sale in Austin, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Porsche Macan 2015 in Austin, Texas to be $14,880.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.