Skip to FiltersReport abuse
356 listings
- $29,998fair price$733 above market
- 53,463 miles
- 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
- 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from NC to TX*
Close
Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,043 miles away from Austin, TX
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUFACF59MA019199
Stock: 27208269
Certified Pre-Owned: No - New Listing
- 56,431 miles
- 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from GA to TX*
Close
Located in Norcross, GA / 833 miles away from Austin, TX
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUFACF59MA019560
Stock: 27543035
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $30,590great price
- 39,012 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Autos of Dallas - Irving (184 mi away)
Close
Located in Irving, TX / 184 miles away from Austin, TX
Red 2024 Audi A5 Sportback 45 S line Premium Plus quattro quattro 7-Speed Automatic S tronic 2.0L 4-Cylinder TFSI A5 Sportback 45 S line Premium Plus ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUFACF5XRA013662
Stock: 013682
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-04-2025 - New Listing$25,894great price$2,953 below market
- 40,069 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,237 miles away from Austin, TX
Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Sunroof / Moonroof,Turbo/Supercharged,7-Speed A...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUABCF50NA033291
Stock: NA033291T
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $35,880good price
- 12,110 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Autos of Dallas - Plano (198 mi away)
Close
Located in Plano, TX / 198 miles away from Austin, TX
Premium S Line Pkg, Back-Up Camera, Panoramic Roof, Heated Seats, Keyless Start, Lane Keeping Assist, 18" Wheels, LED Headlights, Auto Leveling Headli...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUDACF55RA058533
Stock: 058533
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 02-18-2025 - Price Drop$32,492good price$1,811 below market
- 26,458 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Wappingers Falls, NY / 1,538 miles away from Austin, TX
CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,L...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUCBCF50NA005550
Stock: WTP8670
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $33,980good price
- 28,989 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Autos of Dallas - Irving (184 mi away)
Close
Located in Irving, TX / 184 miles away from Austin, TX
Red 2024 Audi A5 Sportback 45 S line Premium Plus quattro quattro 7-Speed Automatic S tronic 2.0L 4-Cylinder TFSI A5 Sportback 45 S line Premium Plus ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUFACF50RA022127
Stock: 022127
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 11-18-2024 - $36,562fair price
- 22,476 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
- BMW of San Antonio (69 mi away)
Close
Located in San Antonio, TX / 69 miles away from Austin, TX
PRINCIPLE CERTIFIED 2024 Audi A5 Sportback Premium Plus quattro CARFAX One-Owner. Brilliant Black New Price! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 2 R...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUCBCF57RA048188
Stock: RA048188A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-30-2025 - Price Drop$24,499good price$1,514 below market
- 66,589 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
- Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Olathe, KS / 619 miles away from Austin, TX
Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUDACF59NA031670
Stock: 7VBKRJ
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-26-2025 - $37,921fair price
- 45,666 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 4cyl automated manual
- BMW of South Austin (5 mi away)
Close
Located in Austin, TX / 5 miles away from Austin, TX
Serviced here, CARFAX 1-Owner, Excellent Condition, LOW MILES - 45,666! EPA 31 MPG Hwy/23 MPG City! Heated Leather Seats, NAV, Rear Air, All Wheel Dri...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUWAGF52NN008384
Stock: DT49947A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 09-03-2025 - $38,997fair price
- 14,082 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Round Rock Toyota (19 mi away)
Close
Located in Round Rock, TX / 19 miles away from Austin, TX
Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! A5 Sportback 45 S line Prestige quattro, 4D Hatchback, 2.0L 4-Cylinder TFSI, 7-Speed Automatic S tronic, quattro...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUFACF57RA002425
Stock: TU002425
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-26-2025 - $28,998good price$1,045 below market
- 33,569 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 1,237 miles away from Austin, TX
Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Sunroof / Moonroof,Turbo/Supercharged,7-Speed A/T,Heated Seat...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUABCF5XNA032925
Stock: NA032925P
Certified Pre-Owned: No - New Listing$55,999fair price
- 8,611 miles
- 4cyl automated manual
- Audi West Houston (129 mi away)
Close
Located in Houston, TX / 129 miles away from Austin, TX
The 2024 Audi A5 Cabriolet S line Premium Plus is the ultimate expression of open-air luxury, blending dynamic performance, refined design, and advanc...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAU4AGF55RN011681
Stock: BRN011681
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 09-09-2025 - Price Drop$31,998fair price$263 below market
- 29,080 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from GA to TX*
Close
Located in Stockbridge, GA / 820 miles away from Austin, TX
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUCBCF54NA011366
Stock: 27872783
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $33,999fair price
- 36,559 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Enterprise Car Sales Humble (149 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Humble, TX / 149 miles away from Austin, TX
Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUFACF59RA068913
Stock: 8FPCG1
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-25-2025 - Price Drop$33,998fair price$263 above market
- 12,432 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from FL to TX*
Close
Located in Orlando, FL / 997 miles away from Austin, TX
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUDACF55NA035182
Stock: 27659956
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $29,996fair price
- 57,017 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
- 4cyl automated manual
- Selective Autoplex (192 mi away)
Close
Located in Carrollton, TX / 192 miles away from Austin, TX
ABOUT THIS VEHICLE CALL SELECTIVE AUTOPLEX 2**-5**-7*** TO SCHEDULE YOUR TEST DRIVE TODAY! CARFAX One-Owner. Brilliant Black 2022 Audi A5 45 Premium q...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAU2AGF56NN008175
Stock: PNN008175
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-26-2025 - New Listing
- 18,812 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
- 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
- Carvana (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in St. Louis, MO / 720 miles away from Austin, TX
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUFACF51NA020915
Stock: 2004071877
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 09-12-2025 - $30,531fair price
- 21,998 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
- Audi Dallas (185 mi away)
Close
Located in Dallas, TX / 185 miles away from Austin, TX
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUABDF58NA015093
Stock: 456379546
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 09-09-2025 - $26,485good price
- 56,902 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
- 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
- Legacy Toyota of Dallas (172 mi away)
Close
Located in Dallas, TX / 172 miles away from Austin, TX
2022 Pre-Owned Audi A5 Sportback Premium Plus.**APPLE CARPLAY WITH NAGIVATION ABILITY**, **PANORAMIC SUNROOF**, **LEATHER INTERIOR**, Estimated City M...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUCBCF5XNA003496
Stock: P01100
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-10-2025 - $29,996fair price$838 above market
- 36,037 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,227 miles away from Austin, TX
CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steer...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: WAUABCF5XNA040135
Stock: ZA2040135F
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Showing 211 - 231 out of 356 listings
Consumer Reviews for the Audi A5
Read recent reviews for the Audi A5
A5 Convertible is a delightful year-round driver!
Tim Moore, 01/18/2016
2013 Audi A5 2.0T Premium Plus quattro 2dr Convertible AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
My 2013 Audi A5 has been a delight to own. The car is incredibly functional with all wheel drive, comfortable interior, great looks and good fuel economy. The convertible works effortlessly, and it is incredibly quiet with the top up, as well as warm during the winter. The attention to detail is exceptional with high quality materials and options that will impress most drivers. The … car is very competent on the road at high speeds, but does equally well as a relaxed touring car at slower speeds with the top down. I never thought I would ever enjoy owning a car like this, especially driving it year-round! I picked mine up used with very low miles, and for the price it was just too good to pass up. It still has the balance of the factory warranty, and the dealer has been great so far.
A few highlights: The Bang and Olufsen stereo will not disappoint, even with the top down. The MMI Nav system has an incredible amount of features, but it does take time to master, so keep your owner's manual close. The heated seats coupled with the neck warmers and wind deflector will keep you cozy with the top down even on very cold days. The Quattro system is incredibly competent on slippery roads. This is just such a complete package in a convertible that's designed to be used as a daily driver.
Audi's quality seems to have increased significantly in recent years, so hopefully the car will stand the test of time. So far I have had great luck with the dealer for servicing. Seems as though Audi is trying very hard to compete successfully against the other luxury brands.
Update on 7/19/16: Been putting a lot of miles on the A5, and now at 21,000. It continues to be a great car to own. I did need to replace the tires though because of an alignment issue which caused the Pirellis to make a lot of noise. Other than that, it has been pretty much a trouble free ride with up to 30 mpg on the highway. It's an easy car to live with on a daily basis.
Update on 1/20/17: Miles are now at 27,000 and the Audi continues to be trouble free. I put a set of Michelin Alpin Sports on for winter, and the car is wonderfully competent on slippery roads. A small disappointment is the sound quality of SiriusXM, especially when compared to HD FM stations and CDs. SiriusXM does not allow the sounds system to show off all it can truly do. Other than that, I do enjoy owning this vehicle a lot. I can't wait until it's warm enough again to put the top down!
Update on 1/23/18: Miles are now at 42,000. The last year has been relatively trouble-free with the A5. The only issue was a bad fuel injector that was replaced under warranty. Other than that, the car continues to be a delight to own and drive. The mileage continues to be very good, it's always enjoyable to drive, and it goes like a tank in the winter. If you're thinking about purchasing an A5 cabrio, I would highly recommend it. It's a very easy car to live with regardless of the season.
Update on 1/24/20: The A5 now has 68,000 miles on it. The extended warranty ran out, so now I'm on my own. Took it on a 3,000 mile round trip to Florida, and it performed flawlessly except for an oil level sensor issue. Seems this is a somewhat common issue and an easy fix, but it is alarming when the car tells you to add oil when it's not needed. I did need the steering half-shaft replaced a second time in two years, and the car has developed a few electrical quirks during the past couple of years including the automatic power window not working correctly on the passenger side sometimes and the inability to adjust the volume when using the satellite radio sometimes. I do still enjoy the car very much, but wonder what lies ahead because it has not been exactly a maintenance-free vehicle. Also, a trip to the Audi dealer almost always is not cheap and you may need to travel a distance to find one. It may partially explain why the resale value on these is not that great. My recommendation would be to find one with as few miles as possible that was not used in winter. They are delightful cars though!
Update on 7/25/20: The A5 just hit 75,000 miles and needs a $700 required maintenance that includes spark plugs. It seems as though this car could be designed to be more maintenance free than it is. Other than that, the car is still a joy to drive. A recent trip of 1,600 miles returned 32 mpg. Other than the quirk of the radio volume not working occasionally (usually fixes itself with a restart of the car), the A5 continues to be generally trouble-free. Used A5 Cabriolets can be found at reasonable prices, and I continue to recommend this car knowing that maintenance costs will be above average.
Update on 1/27/23: The A5 continues to be part of the family, and mileage is now at 95,000. There have been no major issues. The car needs to have front brakes done soon, but at roughly 50k on each set, that seems reasonable. The car is showing a little age though. The top shows some wear where it folds, and the brown dye on the seats is wearing a little in a few spots. The auto-adjusting headlights are not working properly, so the low beams are very low. Also a couple of the dash gauge background lights flicker occasionally. But overall the car continues to be a joy to own, especially when the weather is nice outside. We have other cars for daily drivers, so the Audi gets used less than in the past. That's ok as it is 10 years old at this point. I'm hoping we will hold on to it for the foreseeable future unless there is a major repair that needs to be considered.
8/7/24 - The Audi now has 102,000 miles on it. Although it is showing a little age, it continues to be enjoyable to drive, especially on nice days. It's getting ready for major service (plugs, transmission service, belts, etc), plus it needs new tires and front brakes, so we haven't been taking it on many long trips. Overall though, it has been a surprisingly trouble-free and low cost to own. I'm so glad we decided to purchase this car nearly 9 years ago.
Used 2021 Audi A5 in Austin, TX Values
Estimated values
2021 Audi A5 Premium Plus S line 4dr Hatchback AWD w/45 TFSI (2.0L 4cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 7AM) with no options
| Condition | Trade-In | Private Party | Dealer Retail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | $25,460 | $27,972 | $30,497 |
| Clean | $24,967 | $27,405 | $29,852 |
| Average | $24,145 | $26,460 | $28,777 |
| Rough | $23,076 | $25,232 | $27,380 |
The average list price of a used 2021 Audi A5 in Austin, Texas is $33,210. The average mileage on a used Audi A5 2021 for sale in Austin, Texas is 34,112. Based on the average mileage of 34,112 for used 2021 Audi A5 for sale in Austin, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi A5 2021 in Austin, Texas to be $24,145.
Filters
Skip to ResultsApplied Filters4Active
Make & Model
Year
New / Used
Price & Payments
Price Rating
Body Type
Trim
Mileage
Accidents & History
Engine & Drivetrain
Exterior Color
Interior Color
Total Seating
Edmunds Review
Features
Options & Packages
MPG
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.