Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
21 listings
    • 158,817 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Frisco, TX / 875 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Sunroof / Moonroof,Turbo/Supercharged,7-Speed A/T,Heated Seats,Power Door Lo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7CE1EA407323
    Stock: EA407323A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $14,995
    fair price
    $388 above market
    • 96,970 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Ultimate Powersports (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 10 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE4FA512849
    Stock: 512849
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,995
    fair price
    $256 above market
    • 116,380 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Trucks and more (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Glendale, AZ / 21 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7CE4DA177047
    Stock: 177047
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,499
    good price
    $1,811 below market
    • 96,986 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • All Cylinders Auto (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 90 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE0GA686457
    Stock: 1078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 74,692 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 640 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7CE2EA293879
    Stock: 2003999349
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2025

    • 66,072 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Phoenix (19 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 19 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE7GA699285
    Stock: 2003768834
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • $14,900
    fair price
    $295 above market
    • 110,008 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Dunlap Auto Sales (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 20 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE5GA707795
    Stock: 707795
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    $12,995
    fair price
    $1,193 below market
    • 114,419 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • INFINITI of Tucson (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 89 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    2013 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class GL 550 4MATIC Leather. 4.6L V8 Twin Turbocharged 4MATIC 7G-TRONIC PLUS 7-Speed Automatic GL 550

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE3DA167916
    Stock: 46372A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2025

    • 139,833 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Select (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 17 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    The ultimate in family-friendly luxury, our One Owner 2015 Mercedes-Benz GL 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC® presented in stunning Obsidian Black Metallic offers a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF2EE3FA537573
    Stock: 537573
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

    • 135,249 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Tucson Used Auto Center (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 91 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE4FA500796
    Stock: 500796
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-15-2025

  • $8,495
    fair price
    $133 below market
    • 133,855 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Dunlap Auto Sales (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 20 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGBF7BE2BA673597
    Stock: 673597
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 57,422 miles
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,573 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE0FA508823
    Stock: 2004026459
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2025

  • $11,995
    fair price
    $860 below market
    • 78,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Certified Luxury Auto (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 11 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGBF7BE9CA789509
    Stock: 789509
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-24-2025

  • $18,900
    fair price
    $600 below market
    • 103,114 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Calk Motors (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fountain Hills, AZ / 23 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    2016 Mercedes-Benz GLS 550 4MATIC$18,900. Clean title. 104k miles. Available for sale by Calk Motors in Fountain Hills, AZ.4.7L BiTurbo V8 (449 HP)Aut...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE3GA703056
    Stock: 71
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-19-2025

    • 50,691 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 877 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF7DE8GA648667
    Stock: 2003998955
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

    • 52,276 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, NC / 1,970 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDF6EE3GA633597
    Stock: 27305486
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 104,269 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • America’s Best Auto (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 20 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGBF7BE2BA688908
    Stock: 1525
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 130,730 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Camelback Hyundai (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 16 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    Experience Luxury and Power with the 2011 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class: A Sophisticated SUV for the Discerning Driver Who Demands Performance and Style.Step...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGBF2FE4BA700313
    Stock: 26H036A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-20-2025

    • 108,100 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Springfield, OR / 952 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,High Demand,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Sunroof / Moonroof,7-Speed A/T,Heated Seats,Power ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGBF7BE7AA621106
    Stock: V621106
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $6,900
    fair price
    $311 below market
    • 139,110 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Calk Motors (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Fountain Hills, AZ / 23 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    2007 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class GL 450 Sport Utility 4DV8, 4.6 Liter, Automatic, 4WD, Hill Descent Control, Hill Start Assist Control, Traction Control, S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGBF71E37A128596
    Stock: 38
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • Sands Kia (36 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Surprise, AZ / 36 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGBF71E57A157694
    Stock: 54339A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 21 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GL-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GL-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (16%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (14%)
5 out of 5 stars

2013 GL 450 Perfection

Douglas, 07/03/2016
2013 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class GL450 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A)
After months of research into the true SUV and Luxury class of truck based, non-crossover vehicles, the GL450 consistently rated high among the likes of the Audi Q7, Escalade, Land Cruiser, Range Rover and Lexus 570. Because of the company it kept regarding comparable SUV's in the Luxury Class, I selected the Mercedes Benz GL450 as the used vehicle to buy. I have no single regret. This … machine is as advertised in terms of its power, handling, comfort and high quality assembly of interior and exterior materials and design. I immediately took my "new" used Mercedes on a 3,000 mile road trip. The performance and reliability were flawless as the comfort and handling were as good as I have ever had. Ok, the highest quality SUV I've owned is a 2011 Nissan Murano so one could say "what does he know"? Right your are but because I've been driving since early 1960, I know what I like, know what is fake and the true meaning of quality, or "high" quality. This 2013 hit all the marks and I am impressed with its Sherman Tank domination of the road with more than adequate comfort and non-fatigue long haul driving experience. Love how the cruise control operates and can shift up/down in 1 MPH or 5 MPH increments. The immediate power available in the twin-turbo V8 is extremely satisfying. Gas mileage is not an area I gave too much concern to because of the weight and size of the GL450, it's not great for sure but it isn't as poor as many of the comparable vehicles mentioned above, so in that category I say the GL450 is decent. If I could have found one with all zone climate control and Panoramic Sunroof, those would be icing on the cake. I found one painted in Iridium Silver, performance Package 2 and with all the standard features this beauty is still amazing and priced mid $40,000 with 31,000 miles returned from lease. Best deal and best true SUV I've had ever. Highly, highly recommended.
Report abuse

Used 2014 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in Chandler, AZ Values

Estimated values
2014 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class GL450 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$7,172$10,070$11,871
Clean$6,884$9,620$11,289
Average$6,403$8,871$10,320
Rough$5,779$7,897$9,060

The average list price of a used 2014 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class in Chandler, Arizona is $16,136. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz GL-Class 2014 for sale in Chandler, Arizona is 103,350. Based on the average mileage of 103,350 for used 2014 Mercedes-Benz GL-Class for sale in Chandler, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz GL-Class 2014 in Chandler, Arizona to be $6,403.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.