Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
491 listings
  • New Listing
    • 118,433 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ellicott City, MD / 1,980 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H35DL007500
    Stock: 27264203
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 89,616 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 870 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H36FL028326
    Stock: 2003482157
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-07-2025

    • 92,874 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 1,898 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H31FL018545
    Stock: 2003758525
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

    • 71,426 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 870 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H54DL009384
    Stock: 2003769865
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

    • 56,121 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 1,979 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB3H53DL012920
    Stock: 26925099
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 72,341 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 649 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H57DL024803
    Stock: 2003788608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • New Listing
    • 73,631 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 1,748 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H5XDL014699
    Stock: 27379816
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 64,099 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,772 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB3H39DL017781
    Stock: 27208164
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 76,631 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,487 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB3H58FL005268
    Stock: 2003810546
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

    • 73,413 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 851 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H57FL008068
    Stock: 27444575
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 72,312 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 1,261 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB3H54FL009639
    Stock: 27104055
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 53,204 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,937 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H54FL021067
    Stock: 2003819709
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

    • 57,532 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 989 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H56FL027016
    Stock: 27163449
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 51,266 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 1,437 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H52FL023478
    Stock: 27268758
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 32,844 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 989 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB3H54FL007793
    Stock: 26677438
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 84,299 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NJ to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sicklersville, NJ / 2,077 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H34DL017127
    Stock: 27378555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 97,204 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 1,438 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB3H56DL003841
    Stock: 27370281
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 122,111 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,938 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H36FL017519
    Stock: 27037159
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 107,410 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 988 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H59FL013644
    Stock: 27349228
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 80,783 miles
    • 4 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Hillside, IL / 1,432 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB3H3XDL013755
    Stock: 27267761
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $9,595
    fair price
    $127 below market
    • 163,193 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Paramus, NJ / 2,128 miles away from Chandler, AZ

    Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof,V6 C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8TB4H51DL016339
    Stock: DL016339A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 64 - 84 out of 491 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Acura RDX

Read recent reviews for the Acura RDX
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars43 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 43 reviews
  • 5 star
    (51%)
  • 4 star
    (26%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

A great choice - extreamly safe in an accident

jh16, 04/22/2014
2014 Acura RDX Technology Package 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
I have had my 2014 RDX AWD tech for about a week now. So far I have been very happy with the car. It drives smooth, brakes well, and the transmission seems to work flawlessly. I am most happy with the turning radius, as my last two vehicles were monsters to turn and try to park. I also looked at the Q5, and besides the Audi being more expensive, I did not like the idea of the turbo 4 cyl … engine. I've driven an audi with a turbo before, and it seemed very inconsistent - thats something that I did not want to deal with again. The RDX has great acceleration (and sounds pretty good too when you step on it), its too bad they hid the dual exhaust tips up under the rear bumper. **Update - I totaled this car about 4 months after I bought it. I was driving in the freeway, traveling up a grade where a car was stalled in the middle lane with no battery to power its lights. I smashed into the back of it going around 55-60mph, that was a shock! My passenger and I were able to crawl out of the car, more or less uninjured with just a few air bad burns on wrist / face. We, as well as my family, were very impressed with the safety of the car. I plan on buying another sometime in the future.
Report abuse

Used 2013 Acura RDX in Chandler, AZ Values

Estimated values
2013 Acura RDX 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$7,430$11,430$13,740
Clean$7,102$10,862$12,985
Average$6,555$9,916$11,726
Rough$5,843$8,686$10,089

The average list price of a used 2013 Acura RDX in Chandler, Arizona is $17,300. The average mileage on a used Acura RDX 2013 for sale in Chandler, Arizona is 81,464. Based on the average mileage of 81,464 for used 2013 Acura RDX for sale in Chandler, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Acura RDX 2013 in Chandler, Arizona to be $6,555.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.