Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,356 listings
    • 53,289 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AL*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Pharr, TX / 803 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHSBEA4F1161545
    Stock: 27702918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 122,775 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 460 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTCE31F1203508
    Stock: 2003894290
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

    • 74,056 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MN to AL*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Maplewood, MN / 868 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHSBE31F1241192
    Stock: 27411526
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 123,639 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Winston Salem, NC / 452 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTCE33F1144154
    Stock: 27574913
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    11 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Colorado
    $31,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
    • 72,830 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'3” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Truck Universe (193 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 193 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGSBE37F1129752
    Stock: 129752
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 97,041 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 538 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTBE38F1118627
    Stock: 2003750651
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

    • 71,274 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from DE to AL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Newark, DE / 791 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHTCE35F1176169
    Stock: 27233113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 142,419 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'3” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • Auto Star (198 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 198 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGSAEA6F1220794
    Stock: 12505
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

  • Advertisement

    11 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Colorado
    $31,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
    • 55,926 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 406 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHSCEA9F1183529
    Stock: 2003775740
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • Photos not available
    • 138,046 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6'2” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • Bill Smith Buick GMC (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Cullman, AL / 78 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHTAEA3F1186847
    Stock: 59791A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 65,827 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WI to AL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Kenosha, WI / 646 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTCE36F1134363
    Stock: 27663484
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 186,501 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • Atlanta Used Cars (199 mi away)
    • Cloth/Leatherette Se...
    • Heated Driver & Fron...
    • Remote keyless entry
    • Heavy-Duty Trailerin...
    • Steering wheel mount...
    Close

    Located in Lilburn, GA / 199 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTCE36F1220899
    Stock: 220899
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • Advertisement

    11 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Colorado
    $31,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
    • 118,803 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Pensacola Auto Brokers (189 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Pensacola, FL / 189 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHSCE30F1157385
    Stock: 16454
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 31,439 miles
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,923 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHTCE35F1169061
    Stock: 27680077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 117,563 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Oceanside, CA / 1,717 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTCE30F1234605
    Stock: 27456063
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 63,067 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 219 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCHTBEA6F1201475
    Stock: 26484589
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    11 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Colorado
    $31,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
    • 131,241 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'3” bed, 2.5l, 4cyl
    • Hubbard Auto Sales (98 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Attalla, AL / 98 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGSBEA1F1215587
    Stock: 6132
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2024

    • 194,971 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Dragos Auto Sales (181 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Dalton, GA / 181 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGSAE33F1129340
    Stock: 129340
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-29-2023

  • New Listing
    • 196,138 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'1” bed, 3.7l, 5cyl
    • University Kia (116 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Crew Cab
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    Close

    Located in Huntsville, AL / 116 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCDS43EX88193748
    Stock: 88193748
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 84,731 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Carvana - Atlanta (180 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 180 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTCENXH1207769
    Stock: 2003916513
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 172,905 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'2” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Hillside Motors (143 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MS / 143 miles away from Tuscaloosa, AL

    2015 Chevrolet Colorado Z71 4WD: Comes equipped with leather trimmed interior, heated front seats, remote start, running boards, tow package, tow hook...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GCGTCE38F1195424
    Stock: 12585
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 1,356 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Colorado

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Colorado
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars28 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 28 reviews
  • 5 star
    (50%)
  • 4 star
    (32%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
4.25 out of 5 stars

2010 to 2012 2WD Colorado Crew Cab LT2 Z71

nickz71, 08/03/2012
2012 Chevrolet Colorado 2LT 4dr Crew Cab SB (3.7L 5cyl 4A)
I have owned 2 Chevy Colorado Crew Cabs starting with an '05 LS Crew Cab and 2.8L engine and a 2010 Crew Cab with 3.7L engine. Both were 2WD. My family and I have found this configuration to be more useful and appealing than the purchase of a compact SUV. The reason I write this is because besides the great service and reliability, the new 3.7L in 2WD actually gets as good or better … than the 2.8L. We routinely drive 330 mi. each way to a family cabin. On three recent trips (May, June, July) we got 26.3, 26.5, and 26.7 mpg on one leg. This was with AC on or off. It just confuses me how some say this truck get no better mpg than full size trucks. It gets 17-19 city and 24 to +26 highway.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Chevrolet Colorado in Tuscaloosa, AL Values

Estimated values
2015 Chevrolet Colorado LT 4dr Extended Cab SB (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,329$12,701$14,276
Clean$9,965$12,220$13,699
Average$9,359$11,420$12,738
Rough$8,571$10,379$11,489

The average list price of a used 2015 Chevrolet Colorado in Tuscaloosa, Alabama is $20,332. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Colorado 2015 for sale in Tuscaloosa, Alabama is 110,213. Based on the average mileage of 110,213 for used 2015 Chevrolet Colorado for sale in Tuscaloosa, AL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Colorado 2015 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama to be $9,359.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.