Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
8,452 listings
  • $17,100
    great price
    $2,810 below market
    • 46,227 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Southern 441 Toyota (491 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Royal Palm Beach, FL / 491 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2015 Toyota RAV4 Limited **FREE LIFETIME POWERTRAIN UNLIMITED WARRANTY!!! See Dealer for Details., REMAINDER OF FACTORY WARRANTY, LOCAL TRADE IN, SERV...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3YFREVXFW212077
    Stock: 212077T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,449
    great price
    $2,853 below market
    • 59,632 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Sanford (333 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 333 miles away from Columbus, GA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: all new tires! Radio: Entune Display Audio W/NavigationSun/MoonroofNavigation System...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3WFREV7FW164030
    Stock: FW164030
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $10,499
    great price
    $1,803 below market
    • 141,371 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive (303 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 303 miles away from Columbus, GA

    You've never felt safer than when in this 2013 Toyota RAV4 Limited equipped with Back-Up Camera, Heated Front Seats, Power Liftgate, Bluetooth Connect...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3YFREV3DW041203
    Stock: TDW041203
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $10,450
    great price
    $1,687 below market
    • 170,211 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Kenny Kent Toyota (407 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Evansville, IN / 407 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Discover the 2013 Toyota RAV4 Limited: A Dynamic Ride for the Adventurous Spirit, Combining Style, Efficiency, and Versatility in Every Journey.Step i...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3YFREV1DW028787
    Stock: 2520678A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $9,999
    great price
    $2,214 below market
    • 125,780 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Shaq's Auto Sales (386 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 386 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Visit Shaq's Auto Sales online at www.shaqsauto.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 8**-3**-0*** today to schedule your test drive.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3WFREV6DW021986
    Stock: 021986
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • $5,995
    great price
    $2,065 below market
    • 161,000 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Ralphs Auto Sales (384 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 384 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3ZF33V49W015995
    Stock: 015995
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-18-2024

  • Stock photo**
    $14,999
    great price
    $2,096 below market
    • 61,155 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • ICAR Auto Sales (246 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 246 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3RFREV1DW026185
    Stock: 026185
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

  • $12,500
    great price
    $2,174 below market
    • 91,712 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Notice's Automotive Sales & Service Center (402 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Palm Bay, FL / 402 miles away from Columbus, GA

    2013 TOYOTA RAV4 LIMITED, 91,000 MILES, 4D SUV AWD, AWD, 4 CYLINDER, VIN# JTMDFREV6DD001144, GRAY EXTERIOR WITH TWO TONE INTERIOR, 22 CITY MPG, 29 HIG...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMDFREV6DD001144
    Stock: 1273
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $10,997
    great price
    $1,791 below market
    • 136,700 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Georgia Car Shop (107 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 107 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMRFREV3DD014665
    Stock: 014665
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2024

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $13,218
    great price
    $2,565 below market
    • 91,872 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Gatorland Toyota (248 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 248 miles away from Columbus, GA

    New Arrival Actual photos coming soon. -New Arrival- -Priced Below The Market Average- Backup Camera, Heated Front Seats, Bluetooth, Sunroof, and Keyl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3YFREV4DW061105
    Stock: 6019319A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • $10,995
    great price
    $1,624 below market
    • 117,413 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • US Express Auto (113 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Peachtree Corners, GA / 113 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Active Head RestraintsAdditional AirbagsAnti-Theft SystemApproach LightsBluetoothBraking AssistCruise ControlCurtain AirbagsElectronic Braking SystemE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3ZFREV8DW045736
    Stock: 7164
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-28-2024

  • New Listing
    $10,000
    good price
    $1,638 below market
    • 161,418 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Atlanta Best Used Cars (111 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 111 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3WFREV5DW054302
    Stock: DW054302-702
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $14,900
    great price
    $1,937 below market
    • 87,649 miles
    • 2 accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Southeastern Honda (400 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Palm Bay, FL / 400 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3BFREV9FW373154
    Stock: H49341A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,696
    good price
    $1,684 below market
    • 125,977 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Lake Norman Hyundai (313 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cornelius, NC / 313 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMWFREV6FD074574
    Stock: 921845B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $10,000
    great price
    $2,698 below market
    • 129,487 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Eatontown, NJ / 811 miles away from Columbus, GA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,4 Cylinder Engine,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,6-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Adjustable Steering Wheel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3BFREV3DW006036
    Stock: DW006036P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $11,413
    good price
    $1,722 below market
    • 126,981 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Morse Mitsubishi (339 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 339 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMWFREV9FD054383
    Stock: Z30773B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • $7,999
    good price
    $1,208 below market
    • 120,275 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Kerwin's Volunteer Motors (320 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Bristol, TN / 320 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMBF33V19D005522
    Stock: 005522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $10,990
    good price
    $1,472 below market
    • 132,351 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Ferman Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram at Cypress Creek (333 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lutz, FL / 333 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMYFREV5DD013741
    Stock: CJ30619A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • $12,599
    good price
    $1,581 below market
    • 118,105 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Dyer Kia (370 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lake Wales, FL / 370 miles away from Columbus, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3YFREVXDW030280
    Stock: 5K25924A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,988
    good price
    $1,548 below market
    • 129,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Jeff Wyler Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Of Lawrenceburg (457 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceburg, IN / 457 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Jeff Wyler Chrysler Dodge Jeep of Lawrenceburg is pleased to offer this superb-looking 2015 Toyota RAV4 XLE in Red. AWD, Ash Cloth, 4-Wheel Disc Brake...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3RFREV9FW236729
    Stock: 2811206B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,400
    good price
    $1,505 below market
    • 107,170 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Knox Auto Sales (414 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dunn, NC / 414 miles away from Columbus, GA

    Check out this 2015 Toyota RAV4 LE AWD! This versatile SUV is powered by a reliable 2.5L four-cylinder engine that delivers a smooth and efficient rid...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMBFREV2FD119461
    Stock: 119461
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 379 - 399 out of 8,452 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota RAV4

Read recent reviews for the Toyota RAV4
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars75 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 75 reviews
  • 5 star
    (51%)
  • 4 star
    (33%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (1%)
5 out of 5 stars

It does it all in FWD, AWD, 4WD & tight as a drum

Tim, 04/15/2016
2011 Toyota RAV4 Limited 4dr SUV 4WD (2.5L 4cyl 4A)
So a daughter totaled my awesome 2004 Camry XLE. (She was ok just minor concussion) I research everything even to replace a toaster oven! Decided to replace my old car with a loaded used Rav4 as my wife's car is another sedan (2009 Camry Hybrid) Bought this cream-puff Jan 2016 which oddly was traded in on a new Caddy. One owner, no accidents, well maintained etc with 22k and excellent … condition. Have had it for 4 months now and it's everything I had hoped. Got a chance to drive in snow including up a steep hill and it was almost boring how well it gripped even on original OEM tires. Overall just a far smoother ride and better built than a new 2015 and 2016 I had tried. The power is more than adequate and smooth with good handling. A highway trip in heavy rain <>70 mph gave 28 mpg. Running errands in suburbia and commute yields 23-24 mpg. Not bad for what this thing can haul inside and yet still be easy to drive and park. The JBL system sounds decent with FM but awesome with CD or iPod playing. It's not an exciting vehicle to drive but it is very comfortable and pleasant. I'm surprised to read of others with squeaks/rattles as mine has none thankfully as I can't stand that. One negative is the cup holders are poorly placed but hey if that's all I have to complain about I'm a happy camper.
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters5Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details

* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.