Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,032 listings

Save with BMW 5 Series rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • Price Drop
    $47,788
    fair price
    $208 below market
    • 15,838 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Ocean INFINITI Doral (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 95 miles away from Stuart, FL

    Oxide Gray Metallic 2024 BMW 5 Series 530i xDrive AWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.0L 4-Cylinder AWD, Black w/Veganza Perforated & Quilted Upholstery, BMW Curv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53FJ0XRCS76533
    Stock: I1030
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • $38,738
    good price
    $1,711 below market
    • 35,726 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Cutler Bay (110 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cutler Bay, FL / 110 miles away from Stuart, FL

    2022 BMW 5 Series 540i CARFAX One-Owner. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Alpine White 4D SedanThis vehicle's options includes: Connected Package...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BJ06NWX49071
    Stock: UX49071
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $47,998
    fair price
    $369 above market
    • 20,630 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 615 miles away from Stuart, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73BJ08NWX77530
    Stock: 27119049
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,999
    good price
    $896 below market
    • 80,414 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Modern Auto Sales of Florida (79 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hollywood, FL / 79 miles away from Stuart, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH06NCJ25116
    Stock: J25116
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $42,899
    fair price
    $818 below market
    • 30,639 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Fields BMW of Lakeland (124 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lakeland, FL / 124 miles away from Stuart, FL

    BMW Certified, ONLY 30,639 Miles! EPA 32 MPG Hwy/25 MPG City! Moonroof, Leather, Nav System, WiFi Hotspot, Dual Zone A/C, Keyless Start, iPod/MP3 Inpu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BJ0XNWX53995
    Stock: LP7173PT
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • $37,990
    fair price
    $532 below market
    • 16,604 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 21 mi est. electric range
    • 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Seaside, CA / 2,504 miles away from Stuart, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heads-Up ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AG05NCH81482
    Stock: NCH81482BL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $52,874
    fair price
    $322 above market
    • 7,159 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Germain BMW of Naples (114 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Naples, FL / 114 miles away from Stuart, FL

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Clean Carfax Report, Low Mileage, BMW CERTIFIED! Includes Unlimited Mileage Factory Warranty at no additional charge!,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73BJ04NWX75614
    Stock: D26059A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $36,699
    good price
    $2,701 below market
    • 32,658 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Florida Fine Cars Orlando (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 116 miles away from Stuart, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53FJ03RCR69766
    Stock: 151668
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • $49,995
    fair price
    $1,426 above market
    • 10,416 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Braman BMW West Palm Beach (32 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 32 miles away from Stuart, FL

    COVERED BY BMW CERTIFIED WARRANTY UNLIMITED MILES, LOW LOW MILES, Clean CarFax Report, TIBBFX, Burgundy Red w/Veganza Perforated & Quilted Upholstery,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA43FJ07RCS47681
    Stock: BC-B447681
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $40,590
    fair price
    $61 above market
    • 9,926 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 2,025 miles away from Stuart, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13BJ06NCL00389
    Stock: 2003776948
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • Price Drop
    $46,867
    good price
    $1,752 below market
    • 45,230 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 84 miles away from Stuart, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13BK04NCH69661
    Stock: PSNCH69661
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 20,205 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 558 miles away from Stuart, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73BJ0XNWX53164
    Stock: 2003793887
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • $31,980
    fair price
    $868 below market
    • 36,606 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Johnston, IA / 1,261 miles away from Stuart, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13BJ02NCL06819
    Stock: NCL06819AT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $32,086
    fair price
    $693 below market
    • 40,357 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Universal Hyundai (110 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 110 miles away from Stuart, FL

    2022 BMW 5 Series 530i 2.0L 4-Cylinder 8-Speed Automatic Sport RWD 530i CERTIFIED BY CARFAX - ONE OWNER!, REAR VIEW BACK-UP CAMERA!, BLUETOOTH HANDS-F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH05NWX51805
    Stock: NWX51805
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    $32,998
    good price
    $2,071 below market
    • 31,122 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 812 miles away from Stuart, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13BJ05NWX43244
    Stock: 27128590
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $39,995
    fair price
    $707 below market
    • 38,969 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Holler Hyundai (122 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Winter Park, FL / 122 miles away from Stuart, FL

    Thank you for choosing Holler Honda, this Bluestone Metallic 2022 BMW 5 Series 540i is a great choice! Check out the following: One Owner! M Sport Pa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BJ01NWX49933
    Stock: NWX49933
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    $52,995
    fair price
    $1,723 above market
    • 14,017 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Fort Lauderdale (73 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Lauderdale, FL / 73 miles away from Stuart, FL

    LOW MILES - 14,017! Heated Seats, Sunroof, NAV, Back-Up Camera, Turbo, Power Liftgate, PREMIUM PACKAGE, M SPORT PROFESSIONAL PACKAGE, BOWERS & WILKINS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA43FJ09RCP78767
    Stock: RCP78767
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-22-2025

  • $49,500
    fair price
    $15 above market
    • 12,843 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of South Miami (107 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 107 miles away from Stuart, FL

    Certified. 2024 BMW 5 Series 530i For sale in. Phytonic Blue Metallic Standout Features are, *BMW Certified*, Carfax Accident Free, Active Blind Spot ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA43FJ09RCS49156
    Stock: CS49156
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $48,750
    fair price
    $357 above market
    • 14,253 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of South Miami (107 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 107 miles away from Stuart, FL

    Certified. 2024 BMW 5 Series 530i For sale in. Phytonic Blue Metallic Standout Features are, *BMW Certified*, Carfax Accident Free, Lane Departure War...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA43FJ02RCS25765
    Stock: CS25765
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • $40,000
    fair price
    $536 below market
    • 49,029 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Tampa (149 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 149 miles away from Stuart, FL

    $71,350 ORIGINAL MSRP, LOADED WITH $10,405 IN FACTORY OPTIONS: LUXURY SEATING PACKAGE, M SPORT PACKAGE, PREMIUM PACKAGE, SHADOWLINE PACKAGE, HEATED & ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BJ0XNWX84373
    Stock: WX84373
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $39,800
    fair price
    $344 below market
    • 34,410 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Maserati of Jacksonville (229 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 229 miles away from Stuart, FL

    The 2022 BMW 5 Series 540i is the embodiment of supremely confident driving where elegance meets exhilaration and every detail screams precision.Maser...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BJ09NCK55921
    Stock: JMK55921P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

Showing 589 - 609 out of 1,032 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 5 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 5 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (20%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

My review still stands true for 2020

Richard, 11/03/2019
2018 BMW 5 Series 540i xDrive 4dr Sedan AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A)
I still stand by the original review after 2019. This car is one I have turned down offers on. The smoothness of its operation and ride makes me feel I now have found my 'forever' car. I personally hand wash it, and keep it checked over at the dealership. Long trips are comfortable, and it stays in showroom condition. What's not to like about this car??? I have not found out. I still … regard the car as one of the best automobile investments I ever made.
Report abuse
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters5Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details

* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.