Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
172 listings

Save with Porsche Cayenne Coupe rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • New Listing
    • 8,159 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats
    • Platinum Motorcars (385 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, MI / 385 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Vehicle Overview EXTREMELY LOW MILES! Get the best value from your vehicle purchase. This 2024 boasts an extremely low 8159 miles! LOADED WITH VALUE! ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BK2AY4RDA72973
    Stock: 1032
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 3,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Momentum Motorcars (495 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 495 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY1NDA47994
    Stock: A47994
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 17,021 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 15 mi est. electric range
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Aristocrat Motors Alfa Romeo (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 275 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Please call Caitlin at 9**-6**-7*** or email at caitlin.Smell @aristocratmotors.com with any questions or to schedule a test drive! **Burmester is a r...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BH2AY2NDA59101
    Stock: P10712
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • Selling or trading in?

    Know what your car is worth while you shop for your next vehicle.

    See my car’s value
  • New Listing
    $63,999
    fair price
    $1,508 above market
    • 37,779 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Chevrolet Buick GMC of Athens (408 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Athens, TN / 408 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Black 2022 Porsche Cayenne Coupe 4D Sport Utility AWD 3.0L V6 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY1NDA47493
    Stock: A47493P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 29,504 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • Porsche Nashville (307 mi away)
    • Remote Keyless Entry...
    • audio interfaces inc...
    • Connect Plus includi...
    • Towing Equipment -in...
    • Steering Wheel Contr...
    Close

    Located in Brentwood, TN / 307 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Wheels: 20" Cayenne Design, Wheels w/Silver Accents, Warn and Brake Assist, Trunk/Hatch Auto-Latch, Trip Computer, Transmission: 8-Speed Tiptronic S A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY4NDA47696
    Stock: MNDA47696
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 26,492 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • SweetCars (251 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 251 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BF2AY9NDA58274
    Stock: 13279
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-18-2024

    • 61,774 miles
    • Lemon reported, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Drive A Dream (491 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 491 miles away from Springfield, IL

    LOADED! CAYENNE TURBO COUPE! AWD! NAVIGATION SYSTEM, LEATHER HEATED COOLED SEATS, PANORAMIC SUNROOF, ALL-AROUND VIEW CAMERA, SMART KEY, BLUETOOTH AUDI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BF2AY5LDA65381
    Stock: LDA65381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-24-2024

  • New Listing
    • 25,793 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 501 miles away from Springfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BB2AY6NDA52489
    Stock: 27385664
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 27,088 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Little Rock (384 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Little Rock, AR / 384 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Porsche Little Rock is delighted to showcase this exceptional 2024 Porsche Cayenne Coupe S. With 27,028 miles on the odometer, this commanding SUV boa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BL2AYXRDA60274
    Stock: TRDA60274
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 10,080 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Elyria Hyundai (410 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Elyria, OH / 410 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AYXRDA54626
    Stock: 8277
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-03-2024

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 6,201 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Dublin (345 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dublin, OH / 345 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY4RDA55531
    Stock: PO2909S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 36,695 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Detroit North (394 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Shelby Township, MI / 394 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Certified, Clean Carfax, One Owner, Locally Owned and Serviced2024 Porsche Cayenne Coupe Artic Grey Exterior with Black InteriorPremium Package PlusPo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY7RDA49609
    Stock: P2020
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 45,317 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 15 mi est. electric range
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Aristocrat Motors Alfa Romeo (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 275 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Please call Caitlin at 9**-6**-7*** or email at caitlin.Smell @aristocratmotors.com with any questions or to schedule a test drive! **Burmester is a r...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BH2AY6NDA59067
    Stock: P10835
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 22,547 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Orland Park (156 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 156 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Clean CARFAX. Blue 2022 Porsche Cayenne Coupe AWD 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.0L V6Recent Arrival!Serving all of Chicago near Orland Park, Tinl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY8NDA49421
    Stock: JRP1935
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

    • 57,454 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 17 mi est. electric range
    • 4 Seats, 20 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • GR Auto Gallery of Grand Rapids (300 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 300 miles away from Springfield, IL

    GR Auto Gallery is excited to present this stunning 2022 Porsche Cayenne E-Hybrid Platinum Edition for your consideration. Finished in the eye-catchin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BE2AY3NDA51548
    Stock: B5982 J
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

    • 3,969 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 1,478 miles away from Springfield, IL

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY5RDA52010
    Stock: RDA52010B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 29,627 miles
    • Lemon reported, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 mi est. electric range
    • 4 Seats, 20 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driven Auto Sales (166 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Burbank, IL / 166 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Vehicle Overview TEXT OR CALL US AT 7**-2**-8*** ?? Powertrain & Performance Engine: V6 Cylinder Engine + Hybrid Electric Motor Transmission: Automati...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BE2AYXNDA51157
    Stock: 15963
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 43,737 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (373 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Farmington Hills, MI / 373 miles away from Springfield, IL

    High Demand,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Satel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BF2AY1LDA65507
    Stock: LDA65507P1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $85,983
    great price
    $8,067 below market
    • 36,950 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • 111 Motorcars (310 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 310 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Command the road with this 2021 Porsche Cayenne Turbo , a high-performance luxury SUV that delivers exhilarating power and refined elegance . Finished...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BF2AY4MDA51246
    Stock: PMDA51246
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-19-2025

  • $99,999
    good price
    $5,149 below market
    • 3,650 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Lincolnwood (182 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lincolnwood, IL / 182 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Recent Arrival! **PORSCHE CERTIFIED**, **Org MSRP $110,375, **Premium Package Plus, **Exterior Mirror Lower Trim and Base in Exterior Color, **Under D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BA2AY7SDA30077
    Stock: II1093L
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $139,900
    good price
    $8,473 below market
    • 4,200 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Wilson Cadillac (480 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stillwater, OK / 480 miles away from Springfield, IL

    Black GTS V8 AWD CARFAX One-Owner. Bluetooth .We make every effort to provide accurate information, including, but not limited to PRICE, MILES and ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1BG2AY8SDA44584
    Stock: WCT61736A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

Showing 127 - 147 out of 172 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Porsche Cayenne Coupe

Read recent reviews for the Porsche Cayenne Coupe
Overall Consumer Rating
5 out of 5 stars4 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 4 reviews
  • 5 star
    (100%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Functional and sporty

Sporty Mama, 01/03/2024
2020 Porsche Cayenne Coupe Turbo 4dr SUV AWD (4.0L 8cyl Turbo 8A)
I bought a 2020 Cayenne Coupe last month (December) and this is the first car I have ever purchased for myself. I am very happy with this vehicle so far. I needed something that would fit all three of my young kids who are in car seats but still be aesthetically pleasing. The back seat has room for all three car seats (Diono Radian 3R) and I don’t feel like the kids are breathing down my … neck. I’ve yet to really play around with sport mode but so far the drive is great.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Porsche Cayenne Coupe in Springfield, IL Values

Estimated values
2024 Porsche Cayenne Coupe Turbo GT 4dr SUV AWD (4.0L 8cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$126,110$130,297$135,365
Clean$124,924$128,949$133,837
Average$122,948$126,702$131,290
Rough$120,380$123,781$127,980

The average list price of a used 2024 Porsche Cayenne Coupe in Springfield, Illinois is $87,972. The average mileage on a used Porsche Cayenne Coupe 2024 for sale in Springfield, Illinois is 25,610. Based on the average mileage of 25,610 for used 2024 Porsche Cayenne Coupe for sale in Springfield, IL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Porsche Cayenne Coupe 2024 in Springfield, Illinois to be $122,948.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.