Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
157 listings

$0
Ford Mustang Mach-E rebates in 20146
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • Price Drop
    $49,000
    fair price
    $129 below market
    • 2,972 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 280 mi range
    • Koons Sterling Ford (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 4 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    One Owner Well Maintained GT with Extended Range Battery and Panoramic Roof. No Accident Carfax History Report. Experience the KOONS ADVANTAGE with ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SX2RMA40823
    Stock: 000P3300
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $34,950
    fair price
    $576 below market
    • 9,610 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 255 - 269 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Passport Nissan of Alexandria (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 23 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    2022 Ford Mustang Mach-E GT, Clean CarFax, One Owner, Low Miles, Dark Matter Gray Exterior with Black interior. Key Features & Upgrades:-Ford Co-Pi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SE2NMA07474
    Stock: 35211A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $42,075
    fair price
    $1,619 below market
    • 6,117 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 290 mi range
    • Koons Ford of Falls Church (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Falls Church, VA / 19 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Recent Arrival! 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium 4D Sport Utility Single-Speed Automatic 103/94 City/Highway MPG 2024 Clean CARFAX. Red Metallic AWD P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3SU0RMA25267
    Stock: PB03157
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • $30,500
    fair price
    $848 below market
    • 23,555 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 211 - 225 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Wissler Motors (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mount Joy, PA / 91 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    You're in good hands when you buy this certified vehicle with a 5 Year / 100,000 mile limited powertrain warranty by Allstate!**CERTIFIED**, **AWD /...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3SS3NMA41763
    Stock: 4737A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $21,992
    fair price
    $71 above market
    • 72,217 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 233 - 246 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • AutoNation Honda Dulles (1 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 1 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Wheels: 19" Shadow Silver-Painted AluminumNavigation SystemLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerBlack Onyx; Activex Bucket SeatsEngine: P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK1RM5NMA17931
    Stock: NMA17931
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $41,990
    fair price
    $1,616 above market
    • 2,736 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 250 mi range
    • Carvana - Richmond (95 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 95 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3R49RMA47662
    Stock: 2003674408
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 241 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 250 mi range
    • Koons Ford Baltimore (43 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 43 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Experience the future of driving with this stunning 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium, offering up to 320 miles of range per charge thanks to its Exten...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3R74RMA41410
    Stock: 0KK73138
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $41,775
    fair price
    $128 above market
    • 14,849 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 290 mi range
    • Koons Ford of Falls Church (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Falls Church, VA / 19 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Recent Arrival! 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium 4D Sport Utility Single-Speed Automatic 103/94 City/Highway MPG 2024 White Metallic AWD Premium Ford ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3SU4RMA04616
    Stock: 0PB03134
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 38 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 224 mi range
    • Koons Sterling Ford (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 4 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Well Maintained One Owner Mach E with Extended Battery and Comfort Package. No Accident Carfax History Report. Experience the KOONS ADVANTAGE with g...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK1SU0RMA04195
    Stock: 000P3293
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 34,934 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 213 - 226 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Koons Sterling Ford (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 4 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    One Owner Great Mechanical Condition Premium. No Accident Carfax History Report. Experience the KOONS ADVANTAGE with great vehicles, low prices and ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3SS5NMA25080
    Stock: 000P3297
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 31,436 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 255 - 269 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Carvana - Richmond (95 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 95 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SE5NMA14774
    Stock: 2003629765
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $42,990
    great price
    $5,173 below market
    • 15,131 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 257 - 270 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,951 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SX8PMA01375
    Stock: 2003670320
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 259 miles
    • 1 accident, personal use only
    • 290 mi range
    • Koons Ford of Falls Church (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Falls Church, VA / 19 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Recent Arrival! 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium 4D Sport Utility Single-Speed Automatic 103/94 City/Highway MPG 2024 Star White Metallic Tri-Coat AWD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3SU5RMA27886
    Stock: FA29358B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 39,220 miles
    • 224 mi range
    • Carvana - Richmond (95 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 95 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK1SS1NMA35612
    Stock: 2003672565
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 30,422 miles
    • 224 mi range
    • Bob Davidson Ford Lincoln (55 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 55 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    2022 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium White Metallic Dual Electric Motor AWD Single-Speed AutomaticOdometer is 6482 miles below market average! 99/86 City/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK3SS9NMA05110
    Stock: P10733
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $43,888
    fair price
    $1,837 below market
    • 16,305 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 257 - 270 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 2,278 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Ass...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SX4PMA76865
    Stock: PMA76865T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $39,901
    fair price
    $3,868 below market
    • 8,290 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 255 - 268 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Susquehanna Ford (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Willow Street, PA / 90 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    SummaryPrice does not include applicable tax, title, license, or documentation fee. While great effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the informati...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SE1PMA86400
    Stock: F0556A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-16-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $39,592
    good price
    $4,780 below market
    • 10,217 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 255 - 268 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Luck Chevrolet (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ashland, VA / 88 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SE4PMA75200
    Stock: P7551
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-17-2024

  • $41,500
    fair price
    $2,446 below market
    • 8,341 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 258 - 272 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Sheehy Ford Lincoln Of Gaithersburg (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 16 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    2023 Ford Mustang Mach-E GT AWD at Sheehy Ford Lincoln of Gaithersburg! This Mustang Mach-E has an exterior color of Star White Metallic Tri-Coat with...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SE3PMA86740
    Stock: CLA4255A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • $39,800
    fair price
    $2,149 below market
    • 8,391 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 258 - 272 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Upper Marlboro Ford (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Upper Marlboro, MD / 41 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    2023 Ford Mustang Mach-E GT AWD, ** Ford Gold Certified Eligible ** MD STATE INSPECTED **.Equipment Group 400A: Auto-dimming Rear-View mirror, Front d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK4SE4PMA79893
    Stock: WR0531A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-21-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $25,000
    good price
    $1,501 below market
    • 23,831 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 201 - 215 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Koons Ford of Falls Church (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Falls Church, VA / 19 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    2021 Ford Mustang Mach-E Select 4D Sport Utility Single-Speed Automatic Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Awards: * JD Power Automotive Performa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3FMTK1SS8MMA61431
    Stock: 0PB03074
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 157 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Mustang Mach-E

Read recent reviews for the Ford Mustang Mach-E
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (66%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great family car-exceeds my expectations

Ted Gust, 03/16/2023
2023 Ford Mustang Mach-E Premium 4dr Hatchback (electric DD)
This car has a spacious and comfortable interior. I’m 6’3” and I still have headroom and plenty of leg space. If I drive in city, I’ll regularly get the 310 miles range as advertised, but if you got a less foot in highway driving, expect about 290 max range when charging. The vehicle is very quiet to the point where it’s easy to speed unless you’re watching speedometer. The ride can go … from firm to luxurious depending on the drive mode selected. I opted for the long range battery so we can travel longer distances without a worry as the charging infrastructure in AZ is still lacking. I do recommend this for a family of 4, there’s 2 usb ports, 2 usC ports along with wireless charging for 1 phone. The safety and technology features are better than Tesla, Kia, Audi and Polestar. On DC fast charging, can go from 10-80% in less than 30 minutes. Def best car we’ve ever owned and plan on keeping for 5-7 years
Report abuse

Used 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E in Ashburn, VA Values

Estimated values
2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E GT 4dr Hatchback AWD (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$37,888$39,425$41,282
Clean$37,475$38,940$40,717
Average$36,786$38,131$39,775
Rough$35,891$37,080$38,551

The average list price of a used 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E in Ashburn, Virginia is $37,451. The average mileage on a used Ford Mustang Mach-E 2024 for sale in Ashburn, Virginia is 17,101. Based on the average mileage of 17,101 for used 2024 Ford Mustang Mach-E for sale in Ashburn, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Mustang Mach-E 2024 in Ashburn, Virginia to be $36,786.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.