Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
140 listings

$0
BMW iX rebates in 52404
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • Price Drop
    $54,989
    fair price
    $212 above market
    • 28,916 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 909 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF01PCM13915
    Stock: B8177S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $61,750
    fair price
    $25 above market
    • 20,236 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 266 - 281 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Mazda of Crystal Lake (176 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Crystal Lake, IL / 176 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Call 8**-4**-4*** to schedule your test-drive today!IX M60, PHYTONIC BLUE METALLIC, AMIDO PERFORATED LEATHER, EXECUTIVE PACKAGE, PREMIUM CONTENT 2, PA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF04PCM04551
    Stock: M04551
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

    • 35,925 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 1,314 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF00PCM50681
    Stock: PCM50681B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 1,077 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 316 - 336 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Laurel BMW of Westmont (192 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Westmont, IL / 192 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Premium PackageDriving Assistance Professional PackageSport PackageMulti-Functional Front Seats W/MassageLuxury PackageWheels: 21" X 9" Aero Dark...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF01SCT70749
    Stock: SCT70749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-02-2025

    • 7 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 307 - 318 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Orland Park (197 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 197 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2025 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Electric Motor Single-Speed Automatic 83/82 City/Highway MPG ACTIVE BLIND SPOT DETECTION, APPLE CARPLAY COMPATIBILITY, FRONT ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF07SCU33935
    Stock: BF5566
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-17-2025

    • 7 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 307 - 318 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Orland Park (197 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 197 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2025 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Electric Motor Single-Speed Automatic 83/82 City/Highway MPG ACTIVE BLIND SPOT DETECTION, APPLE CARPLAY COMPATIBILITY, FRONT ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF02SCU45832
    Stock: BF5590
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-27-2025

    • 7 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 304 - 321 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • BMW of Orland Park (197 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 197 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCT95279
    Stock: BF5306
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-25-2024

    • 604 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 308 - 319 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Driveway (229 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 229 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF05SCU48384
    Stock: SCU48384
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 587 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 306 - 318 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Driveway (229 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 229 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF07SCU42473
    Stock: SCU42473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 932 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 308 - 319 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Driveway (229 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 229 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF09SCU37338
    Stock: SCU37338
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 962 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 308 - 320 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Driveway (229 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 229 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heads-Up Display,H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF08SCU16819
    Stock: SCU16819
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 4 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 310 - 328 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Autohaus BMW of Maplewood (241 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 241 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Just Arrived! 83/82 City/Highway MPG Dark Graphite Metallic 2025 BMW iX xDrive50 AWD Single-Speed Automatic Electric Motor. Come in and find out why w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF06SCU76887
    Stock: 27959
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 44,476 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 311 - 325 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 802 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF0XPCM51207
    Stock: 2003635538
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 1,100 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 302 - 319 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Perillo BMW (209 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 209 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Convenience Package,Driving Assistance Professional Package,Sport Package,Apple CarPlay/Android Auto Compatibility

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF09SCT38907
    Stock: B46782
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-20-2024

  • New Listing
    $47,590
    fair price
    $223 below market
    • 26,692 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 312 - 326 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 748 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF00PCL23736
    Stock: 2003552382
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

    • 8,054 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 257 - 271 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • BMW of Fort Wayne (340 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 340 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Retired Loaner, BMW Certified, Mineral White Metallic 2023 BMW iX M60 AWD Single-Speed Automatic 12-Cylinder Electric ZEV 532hp. Executive Package, Ac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF04PCM85034
    Stock: 13Y1237
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-17-2024

    • 9,130 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 257 - 271 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • BMW of Fort Wayne (340 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 340 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Retired loaner, BMW Certified, Black Sapphire Metallic 2023 BMW iX M60 AWD Single-Speed Automatic 12-Cylinder Electric ZEV 532hp. Executive Package, A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF0XPCM50627
    Stock: 13Y1171
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-02-2024

    • 17,172 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 313 - 328 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Continental Autosports (194 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hinsdale, IL / 194 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Continental Autosports, an Official Ferrari Dealer since 1975, offers this 2023 BMW iX xDrive50 finished in Blue Ridge Mountain Metallic over Mocha.Th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF07PCM11845
    Stock: 9529111
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 12,643 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 257 - 271 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • BMW of Fort Wayne (340 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 340 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Retired Loaner, BMW Certified, Mineral White Metallic 2023 BMW iX M60 AWD Single-Speed Automatic 12-Cylinder Electric ZEV 532hp. Executive Package, Ac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB533CF09PCM92397
    Stock: 13Y1243
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • $51,777
    great price
    $12,870 below market
    • 14,385 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 321 - 343 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 1,533 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Sta...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF03RCN48011
    Stock: RCN48011P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 12,481 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 313 - 327 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 1,314 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WB523CF02PCM54862
    Stock: PCM54862B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 140 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW iX

Read recent reviews for the BMW iX
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars14 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 14 reviews
  • 5 star
    (86%)
  • 4 star
    (7%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Electric Refinement

LuckyDrive, 09/29/2022
2022 BMW iX xDrive50 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD)
I picked up mine a couple weeks ago. Came from Tesla Y. Before that was a Mercedes GL450. Going to the Tesla was my test to see if I’d like electric. And I did- the Tesla was a good car. But I missed the refinement - the comfort - the precision of craftsmanship. And now that I have the iX, I have the best of both worlds. This is the best car, hands down, that I’ve ever owned. The … suspension is so perfect. The headlights (laser lights) are absolutely spectacular. Auto high beam reacts as fast as any human can to other cars. I don’t worry about it like I did with the Tesla- the Tesla was always just a little slow to adjust. When high beams come on, it’s theatrical. The middle of the road illuminates, and like opening a curtain on a stage, the high beam spreads wide (over about 1/2 second) across the road and to the trees and fields beside you. When you turn the wheel, a light fades in to the direction of your turn and fades out when the wheel returns straight. The B&W audio is absolutely spectacular. It’s the first car audio system I’ve not made a single adjustment to- no tone control, no EQ. Perfectly flat is superb. Oh, it’s stupidly quiet. Everything about this car is perfectly choreographed, measured, and intentional. I absolutely love it.
Report abuse

Used 2023 BMW iX in Cedar Rapids, IA Values

Estimated values
2023 BMW iX xDrive50 4dr SUV AWD (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$50,412$53,674$57,354
Clean$49,844$53,026$56,616
Average$48,897$51,947$55,387
Rough$47,667$50,545$53,790

The average list price of a used 2023 BMW iX in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is $70,840. The average mileage on a used BMW iX 2023 for sale in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is 11,209. Based on the average mileage of 11,209 for used 2023 BMW iX for sale in Cedar Rapids, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW iX 2023 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to be $48,897.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.