Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
647 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 51,089 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,021 miles away from Midland, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR45PF139968
    Stock: 2003679381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 62,629 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 889 miles away from Midland, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR44PF175943
    Stock: 2003691146
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 36,344 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Wagner Cadillac (393 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tyler, TX / 393 miles away from Midland, TX

    This 2023 Cadillac XT4 Sport in Argent Silver Metallic comes with the following features: 2.0L I4 Turbocharged 9-Speed Automatic FWD Cold Weather Pack...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER41PF109233
    Stock: PF109233
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

    • 122,648 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Pittman's Sports & Imports (486 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Beaumont, TX / 486 miles away from Midland, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR4XKF124410
    Stock: 124410
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,531 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 889 miles away from Midland, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR43PF195851
    Stock: 2003710861
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 97,087 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Walt's Auto Sales (101 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Angelo, TX / 101 miles away from Midland, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER4XKF228973
    Stock: 8507
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2025

    • 45,771 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Wagner Cadillac (393 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tyler, TX / 393 miles away from Midland, TX

    This 2023 Cadillac XT4 Luxury in Crystal White Tricoat comes with the following features: 2.0L I4 Turbocharged 9-Speed Automatic FWD Cold Weather Pack...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYAZAR42PF103718
    Stock: PF103718A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • New Listing
    • 39,853 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Sewell Cadillac of Dallas (307 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 307 miles away from Midland, TX

    Sewell Cadillac of Dallas proudly offers this 2023 Cadillac XT4 All Wheel Drive that has been professionally inspected by one of our Sewell technician...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR43PF105968
    Stock: 5202206
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 86,542 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Callahan Motor Company (284 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 284 miles away from Midland, TX

    Step into the world of refined adventures with the 2019 Cadillac XT4 SPORT, a used gem waiting for you at Callahan Motor Company in Fort Worth, TX. Cl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER43KF112224
    Stock: 22746
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 29,550 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Bert Ogden Maserati (463 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Mission, TX / 463 miles away from Midland, TX

    Recent Arrival!- Bert Ogden Cadillac - 4801 S I-69C Edinburg, Texas 78539 - (9**) 2**-8***.Dale Gas!2023 Cadillac XT4 SportRadiant Red Tintcoat2.0L I4...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER42PF199251
    Stock: C48385A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 19,915 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Frank Kent Cadillac Of Arlington (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 60 miles away from Midland, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. Stellar Black Metallic 2024 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury AWD 9-Speed Automatic 2.0L I4 TurbochargedRecent Ar...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR48RF152772
    Stock: CB152772
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 11-24-2024

    • 55,126 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Paisanos Auto (417 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 417 miles away from Midland, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER46KF191632
    Stock: 191632
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-11-2025

    • 29,935 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Gunn Nissan (275 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 275 miles away from Midland, TX

    Clean Carfax, One Owner, 85 Point Quality Inspection Performed, Call Gunn Nissan today-(2**) 4**-0***, Alloy wheels, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Bluet...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR42RF140207
    Stock: NW14314
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

    • 40,836 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • All Star Autoplex (376 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Palestine, TX / 376 miles away from Midland, TX

    Vehicle DetailsDiscover the epitome of style and sophistication with our 2023 Cadillac XT4 FWD Premium Luxury. Meticulously maintained, this pre-owned...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR47PF161874
    Stock: GU8528
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 69,174 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine (295 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 295 miles away from Midland, TX

    Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine proudly offers this 2019 Cadillac XT4 Front Wheel Drive that has been professionally inspected by one of our Sewell techn...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER45KF103802
    Stock: 5341668B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 29,478 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Central Houston Cadillac (425 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 425 miles away from Midland, TX

    Central Houston Cadillac is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle. This 2024 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury Cadillac Cer...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR42RF139509
    Stock: P17109
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2025

    • 47,212 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • 6th Avenue Honda (397 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stillwater, OK / 397 miles away from Midland, TX

    2023 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury 2-Way Driver Seat Power Lumbar Control, 2-Way Passenger Seat Power Lumbar Control, 4.2 Diagonal Color Display Driver ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR44PF197862
    Stock: JJ5150
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 24,848 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,033 miles away from Midland, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR42KF124990
    Stock: 2003702868
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 15,065 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Vista Cars & Trucks (420 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 420 miles away from Midland, TX

    ... Read the full description on our Website at: www.vistacars.com

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER41PF107045
    Stock: 107045
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-10-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 53,040 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Texas Nissan (293 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 293 miles away from Midland, TX

    2023 Cadillac XT4 Premium LuxuryWe pride ourselves in having some of the lowest prices in the country. Our goal is to save you time and money. Clean C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR44PF161217
    Stock: PF161217
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 78,627 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Auto City (313 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 313 miles away from Midland, TX

    Driver memory, recalls 2 "presets" for 8-way power driver seat and outside mirrorMirror, inside rearview auto-dimming (Upgradeable to (DRZ) Rear Came...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER48KF115748
    Stock: 63130
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-08-2025

Showing 442 - 462 out of 647 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac XT4

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac XT4
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars31 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 31 reviews
  • 5 star
    (58%)
  • 4 star
    (26%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

From Buick Lacrosse to XT4, not looking back

A. Collin MacDonald, 05/04/2020
2020 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 9A)
Traded in the 2017 Buick Lacrosse, excellent car, but had some serious problems from the factory, and Buick discontinued this model. We decided to buy an SUV this time, but did not want to buy a large SUV, but something that was smaller, easy to get in and out of, and provided more of a car like ride, with most of the accessories found on the Lacrosse. After looking at several models, … the XT4 was more in line of what we wanted. My first impressions, easy to drive, excellent visibility, steering was very responsive, and turn radius was excellent. Braking was very good, minimal brake fade, and engine power was very good for a small car. From the drivers perspective, all accessories controls are within easy reach of the driver. However, I do miss the Heads Up Display, our XT4 did not have that option. We chose the Premier Luxury model, as it had all the safety and convivence features that we were looking for coming from a top line Buick. Seats are very comfortable and this SUV has excellent leg room, with the 8-way power adjustable seats, they meet all of our size differences. I am six foot one and wife is five feet, and everything adjusts to the extremes to make driving a pleasure. I found this to actually be quiet and smooth driving, and for us the engine power is enough. Another option we did not get that I wish it had was the telescoping steering wheel, but even without this option the seats adjust just fine for a excellent driving position. Love the automatic power rear hatch back, push button twice opens and push twice closes, you don't have to touch it. Information system is extremely CLEAR video, large screen that is sharp with good color and easy to work. Still has many options that I have not learned yet, as we just purchased the vehicle only a few days ago, Time will tell if this SUV was a good choice, but for now we are extremely pleased with our purchase.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Cadillac XT4 in Midland, TX Values

Estimated values
2023 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$19,918$21,127$22,489
Clean$19,694$20,872$22,200
Average$19,320$20,447$21,718
Rough$18,834$19,895$21,092

The average list price of a used 2023 Cadillac XT4 in Midland, Texas is $28,158. The average mileage on a used Cadillac XT4 2023 for sale in Midland, Texas is 51,586. Based on the average mileage of 51,586 for used 2023 Cadillac XT4 for sale in Midland, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac XT4 2023 in Midland, Texas to be $19,320.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.