Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
398 listings
    • 68,655 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 58 City / 53 Hwy MPG
    • Top Speed Motors (103 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 103 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    56 Combined MPG (58 City/53 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU7N3176878
    Stock: 176878
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

    • 56,012 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Bend, OR / 892 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU9N3154249
    Stock: N3154249H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $16,160
    fair price
    $762 above market
    • 117,157 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 301 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation System,Satellite Radi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKBRFU5J3060275
    Stock: J3060275P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 39,469 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Phoenix (11 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 11 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKARFU0G3515822
    Stock: 2003854305
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 7,101 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 1,753 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU4N3165966
    Stock: 27190061
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 3,026 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 51 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,413 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    49 Combined MPG (51 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDL9MFU4N3035683
    Stock: 2003570807
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

    • 86,432 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,738 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU0N3161865
    Stock: 2003769037
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

    • 3,925 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 51 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Roanoke, VA / 1,810 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    49 Combined MPG (51 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDL9MFU3N3039398
    Stock: 26765408
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 77,439 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Phoenix (11 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 11 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKARFU4G3523177
    Stock: 2003845204
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 27,818 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 52 City / 52 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Phoenix (11 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 11 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (52 City/52 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDACAAU9R3017460
    Stock: 2003841884
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,998
    fair price
    $270 above market
    • 44,922 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 334 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU4N3159889
    Stock: 26597048
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 19,111 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 1,022 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKARFU6J3054651
    Stock: 27469862
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 18,659 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 1,689 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU1N3189786
    Stock: 27125225
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 75,876 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Ash Auto Group (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 18 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    ** This vehicle is certified with a complete 67-point inspection and has been fully detailed from the inside out.*** Ash Auto Group is proud to be a C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKBRFU8J3593138
    Stock: 593138
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • $7,995
    good price
    $1,119 below market
    • 191,765 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Carz R Us (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 18 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKBRFU7G3503941
    Stock: 503941
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 91,019 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,413 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKARFU5J3553246
    Stock: 2003846386
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

    • 57,181 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 1,260 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU6N3174555
    Stock: 2003496224
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

    • 32,685 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 51 City / 47 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,013 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    49 Combined MPG (51 City/47 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDL9MFU5N3033165
    Stock: N3033165P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 43,705 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fremont, CA / 630 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKARFU7J3548579
    Stock: 27530522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 31,141 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 58 City / 53 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,013 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Ass...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    56 Combined MPG (58 City/53 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU6N3186169
    Stock: N3186169DW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 65,251 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 54 City / 50 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Ontario, CA / 326 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (54 City/50 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTDKAMFU3N3174237
    Stock: 27676009
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 85 - 105 out of 398 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Prius

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Prius
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars34 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 34 reviews
  • 5 star
    (76%)
  • 4 star
    (6%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

AWD-e easy to live with

DKDC, 03/15/2020
2020 Toyota Prius LE AWD-e 4dr Hatchback AWD (1.8L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
We’ve had the AWD-e for three months and are still happy with the car. Very relaxing to drive in the city, super efficient on the highway. Around town the size is perfect, parking assist is fun to use, rear cross traffic alert very useful, the car is quiet. MPG in town has not been fantastic in the winter, but once the weather warmed up a bit the MPG went up. Average mpg since purchase … 49.6. 60+ on the highway on a trip to PA. The driver assist radar cruise control makes stop/go highway traffic less tiring. Quiet enough under normal conditions, a little rough under harder acceleration (but follow the break in period directions). Bought this over the quicker RAV 4 hybrid because the handling in the Prius is much better, especially on winding back roads. Didn’t buy a Prius Prime because the battery takes up so much trunk space on what would otherwise be a great car. Didn’t but the Honda Insight because the front passenger seat is so low it’s difficult to get out of and is not height adjustable.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Toyota Prius in Tempe, AZ Values

Estimated values
2022 Toyota Prius L Eco 4dr Hatchback (1.8L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,019$17,853$19,776
Clean$15,765$17,539$19,393
Average$15,341$17,015$18,756
Rough$14,790$16,333$17,927

The average list price of a used 2022 Toyota Prius in Tempe, Arizona is $23,875. The average mileage on a used Toyota Prius 2022 for sale in Tempe, Arizona is 55,159. Based on the average mileage of 55,159 for used 2022 Toyota Prius for sale in Tempe, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Prius 2022 in Tempe, Arizona to be $15,341.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.