Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
324 listings
  • New Listing
    $18,998
    good price
    $2,478 below market
    • 42,350 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 3cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Town Center (89 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 89 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR3C09L2M29774
    Stock: 26659567
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,987
    good price
    $1,301 below market
    • 39,645 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Dan Cummins Ford Lincoln (353 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Nicholasville, KY / 353 miles away from Macon, GA

    Experience the Thrill of the Road with the 2020 MINI Cooper S: A Perfect Blend of Style, Power, and Precision EngineeringStep into the world of dyn...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR5C00L2L51008
    Stock: 2560A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

  • $20,998
    fair price
    $1,956 above market
    • 19,701 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 3cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Tupelo (298 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Saltillo, MS / 298 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR3C03L2L52206
    Stock: 26181778
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,998
    fair price
    $622 above market
    • 41,488 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Orlando (339 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 339 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR5C04L2M02848
    Stock: 26974319
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,920
    fair price
    $200 above market
    • 52,168 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Alm Mall Of Georgia (84 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 84 miles away from Macon, GA

    PREMIUM PACKAGE - ZPP..WHEELS: 16" X 6.5" VICTORY SPOKE BLACK ALLOY..CARBON BLACK, SENSATEC LEATHERETTE UPHOLSTERY..CARBON BLACK, SENSATEC LEATHERETTE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR5C02L2M69755
    Stock: L2M69755
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-03-2025

  • $28,588
    great price
    $4,388 below market
    • 22,205 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Don Franklin Lexington Hyundai (355 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 355 miles away from Macon, GA

    ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Emergency communication system, Heated door mirrors, Illuminated entry, Low tire pressure warn...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR9C04M2P34121
    Stock: M2P34121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 17,592 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 3cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Lithia Springs (77 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 77 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR3C05L2L52157
    Stock: 27066543
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 52,911 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Carvana - Charlotte (236 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 236 miles away from Macon, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR5C0XL2M16463
    Stock: 2003558020
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

    • 40,586 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Orlando (339 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 339 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR5C06L2L59999
    Stock: 26675721
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 57,872 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 3cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Roanoke (375 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Roanoke, VA / 375 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR3C02L2L69613
    Stock: 27239209
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,950
    great price
    $3,272 below market
    • 101,758 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Toyota of Gastonia (226 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gastonia, NC / 226 miles away from Macon, GA

    Clean CARFAX. ABS brakes, Active Driving Assistant, Advanced Real-Time Traffic Information, Apple CarPlay Compatibility, Auto-Dimming Interior & Exter...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C53K2A50991
    Stock: 254429G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 70,856 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Sandy Sansing BMW (262 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Pensacola, FL / 262 miles away from Macon, GA

    2020 MINI John Cooper Works4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio, AM/FM Stereo, Auto High-beam Hea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR9C0XL2M66349
    Stock: C2698A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $22,998
    great price
    $3,937 below market
    • 33,330 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • CarMax Ft. Myers (450 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 450 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR5C08M2N66606
    Stock: 27100910
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    good price
    $2,523 below market
    • 22,111 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 3cyl automatic
    • CarMax Huntsville (209 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Huntsville, AL / 209 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C54K2H97570
    Stock: 26455078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,998
    good price
    $1,488 below market
    • 26,641 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Jacksonville (223 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 223 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C56K2A53352
    Stock: 27259555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $13,500
    good price
    $573 below market
    • 85,008 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 3cyl automatic
    • Renaldo Honda (213 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Shelby, NC / 213 miles away from Macon, GA

    2019 MINI Cooper Oxford Edition Pepper WhiteABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Emergency communication system, Heated door mirro...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C59K2H31841
    Stock: H4759A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-11-2025

  • $17,998
    good price
    $1,352 below market
    • 35,637 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 3cyl automatic
    • CarMax Tallahassee (170 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tallahassee, FL / 170 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C51K2H96103
    Stock: 26900113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,995
    fair price
    $422 below market
    • 35,773 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 3cyl automatic
    • Gulf Coast Auto Brokers of Sarasota (396 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sarasota, FL / 396 miles away from Macon, GA

    Gulf Coast Auto Brokers Inc is excited to offer this 2019 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper. This wonderfully fuel-efficient vehicle offers a supple ride, qu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C59K2H95488
    Stock: K2H95488
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,895
    fair price
    $479 above market
    • 13,620 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automated manual
    • Braman BMW West Palm Beach (481 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 481 miles away from Macon, GA

    Certified.Odometer is 12732 miles below market average! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.MINI Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Warranty Deductible: $0 * 1...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXR5C0XM2P05540
    Stock: MC-71719A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • $15,481
    fair price
    $35 below market
    • 39,440 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 3cyl automatic
    • Palm Beach Mitsubishi (483 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 483 miles away from Macon, GA

    Full dealer inspection and recently serviced. Extended warranties available for full peace of mind. If you'd like to inspect in person and are out of ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C52K2H96028
    Stock: PVH96028
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • $19,998
    fair price
    $314 below market
    • 31,597 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Harrisonburg (472 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Harrisonburg, VA / 472 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C56K2A49768
    Stock: 26984451
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 324 listings

Consumer Reviews for the MINI Hardtop 2 Door

Read recent reviews for the MINI Hardtop 2 Door
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars24 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 24 reviews
  • 5 star
    (79%)
  • 4 star
    (8%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (8%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
2 out of 5 stars

Fun but with faulty electronics and rattles galore

Aiden L, 09/24/2020
2020 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper S 2dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM)
Second 2dr S I’ve had (other was a 2013). While the iconic package looks great, the electronics were quite faulty; I was unable to use Apple CarPlay for the first four months of ownership, and I’ve had a variety of issues with the speakers. In addition, there are so many things that rattle, likes the HUD, something in the dash, in the trunk area, etc. I wanted to be a Mini guy, but the … poor quality vehicles (and even worse maintenance teams) make it very very difficult to consider. I’ve had the car 9 months, have driven less than 5k mi, and have taken it in for service more than five times already.
Report abuse

Used 2020 MINI Hardtop 2 Door in Macon, GA Values

Estimated values
2020 MINI Hardtop 2 Door Cooper 2dr Hatchback (1.5L 3cyl Turbo 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,303$16,779$18,214
Clean$14,952$16,364$17,730
Average$14,368$15,671$16,923
Rough$13,608$14,771$15,874

The average list price of a used 2020 MINI Hardtop 2 Door in Macon, Georgia is $19,548. The average mileage on a used MINI Hardtop 2 Door 2020 for sale in Macon, Georgia is 42,014. Based on the average mileage of 42,014 for used 2020 MINI Hardtop 2 Door for sale in Macon, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used MINI Hardtop 2 Door 2020 in Macon, Georgia to be $14,368.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.