Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,867 listings
    • 56,817 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • AutoNation USA Denton (405 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Denton, TX / 405 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Transmission: 8-Speed Automatic (850Re)8.4" Radio & Premium Audio GroupBlack; Leather Trimmed Bucket SeatsAlpine Premium Audio SystemBlack 3-Piece...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG7LL203941
    Stock: LL203941
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,700
    good price
    $3,373 below market
    • 44,381 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • McLarty Nissan of Little Rock (210 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Little Rock, AR / 210 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. **CUSTOMER'S ARE #1 @ MCLARTY NISSAN OF LITTLE ROCK***ARKANSAS' #1 NISSAN DEALER** BEST PRICES, BEST INVENTORY, BEST...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG7LL205290
    Stock: LL205290
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • $25,900
    good price
    $2,153 below market
    • 85,090 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Stan King GM SuperStore (50 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Brookhaven, MS / 50 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Check out this 2020 Jeep Gladiator Sport S. Its Automatic transmission and Regular Unleaded V-6 3.6 L/220 engine will keep you going. This Jeep Gladia...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG4LL157005
    Stock: 761925A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

    • 45,837 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Audi North Austin (464 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 464 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG6LL204000
    Stock: A19050A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

    • 84,079 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • AutoNation USA Gulf Freeway (348 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 348 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Body Color 3-Piece Hard TopTransmission: 8-Speed Automatic (850Re)8.4" Radio & Premium Audio GroupBlack; Leather Trimmed Bucket SeatsAlpine Premiu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG4LL150328
    Stock: LL150328
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • $28,991
    good price
    $2,409 below market
    • 80,718 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Albertville (270 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Albertville, AL / 270 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG8LL177273
    Stock: P1982
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 82,063 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Metro Auto Sales (400 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 400 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG7LL175000
    Stock: M5216
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $25,175
    good price
    $2,031 below market
    • 106,035 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Hill-Kelly Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram (215 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Pensacola, FL / 215 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTAG7LL118801
    Stock: T743943
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,821
    good price
    $2,397 below market
    • 72,839 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Joe Cooper Ford of Edmond (478 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 478 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTAG8LL108293
    Stock: S108293
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,222
    good price
    $1,716 below market
    • 135,732 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Patriot Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of McAlester (366 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Mcalester, OK / 366 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTAG0LL125265
    Stock: JM25155A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2025

    • 74,566 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Texans Auto Group (347 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 347 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Get ready to conquer the open road in this sleek Silver 2020 Jeep Gladiator! With its rugged exterior and powerful engine, this beast is ready to take...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG4LL101971
    Stock: 101971
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-01-2025

    • 36,486 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Glenn Polk Chevrolet Buick GMC of Gainesville (413 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, TX / 413 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG5LL167770
    Stock: G298755A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

  • $31,864
    good price
    $2,185 below market
    • 87,955 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Sandy Sansing Nissan Foley (199 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Foley, AL / 199 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG5LL187906
    Stock: X2503A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • $23,800
    good price
    $1,835 below market
    • 86,965 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • South County Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram (431 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 431 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG5LL159863
    Stock: S0940BB
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,972
    fair price
    $1,269 below market
    • 89,580 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Suntrup West County Volvo Cars (437 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Manchester, MO / 437 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Clean CARFAX. Billet Silver Metallic Clearcoat 2020 Jeep Gladiator 3.6L V6 24V VVT 4WD 8-Speed Automatic SportPrices subject to change without noti...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG8LL126985
    Stock: L53731
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $35,811
    fair price
    $1,770 below market
    • 52,624 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Schicker Ford of Union (428 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Union, MO / 428 miles away from Jackson, MS

    EquipmentThe state of the art park assist system will guide you easily into any spot. with XM/Sirus Satellite Radio you are no longer restricted by p...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG2LL203961
    Stock: P6686
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

    • 110,840 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Texan GMC Buick (338 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Humble, TX / 338 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAGXLL153282
    Stock: G13640A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

  • $29,742
    good price
    $1,685 below market
    • 32,292 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Ed Voyles Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (350 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 350 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6HJTAG3LL180954
    Stock: 515488B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • $39,995
    good price
    $3,315 below market
    • 39,091 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Tapp Motor Sales (418 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Owensboro, KY / 418 miles away from Jackson, MS

    This 2020 Jeep Gladiator Rubicon 4x4 Crew Cab 5.0 ft. SB is a powerful and reliable vehicle. With a low mileage of 39,091 miles, it has been well take...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTBG8LL116408
    Stock: LL116408
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

    • 74,829 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Cedar Park Nissan (464 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cedar Park, TX / 464 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Clean. EPA 22 MPG Hwy/17 MPG City! Heated Leather Seats, Brake Actuated Limited Slip Differential, Dual Zone A/C, CD Player, iPod/MP3 Input, 4x4, Tow ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG8LL205388
    Stock: LL205388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

  • New Listing
    $33,797
    good price
    $2,622 below market
    • 37,597 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'0” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • EchoPark Automotive Birmingham (223 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 223 miles away from Jackson, MS

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6JJTEG3LL209588
    Stock: CLL209588
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 2,867 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Gladiator

Read recent reviews for the Jeep Gladiator
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars62 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 62 reviews
  • 5 star
    (56%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (18%)
4 out of 5 stars

Finally -the Best of Both Worlds

AJ, 02/29/2020
2020 Jeep Gladiator Overland 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (3.6L 6cyl 6M)
Look, this will be my third Wrangler-style vehicle (JK, CJ5 & Gladiator in that order) and my 6th Jeep product overall so my post is obviously a bit biased. That being said, when you buy a Jeep, you probably know what you are getting into; they ride and look different. If you are looking for a vehicle that rides like a Bentley on the road, look elsewhere. If however you can accept … reasonable creature comforts, ride, and noise while benefiting from extreme versatility, ruggedness, freedom, stable value and the timeless "cool" factor then this is the vehicle for you. Taking off the top and doors gets you as close to the freedoms of riding a motorcycle without having to wear a helmet. It really is a great time. Also, no other vehicle is as customizable as a Jeep. There are entire magazines devoted to it so you can make each one into your own. I've loved Jeeps but always needed a truck, now I can have both. My only two critiques are 1- the keyfob is the size of of a Zippo lighter which is unnecessarily large and 2- the soft top version of the Gladiator simply looks "off" -like something out of World War 2 which is perhaps why they are not selling well. Small concessions for what you get in return. The hard top is the way to go anyway for heat and noise. The new hardtop material is feather light and I can lift everything off by myself. Go buy one and don't look back. I will drive this thing until it or I are dead.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Jeep Gladiator in Jackson, MS Values

Estimated values
2020 Jeep Gladiator Mojave 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,212$27,854$29,441
Clean$25,732$27,320$28,851
Average$24,933$26,429$27,867
Rough$23,893$25,272$26,587

The average list price of a used 2020 Jeep Gladiator in Jackson, Mississippi is $29,602. The average mileage on a used Jeep Gladiator 2020 for sale in Jackson, Mississippi is 72,210. Based on the average mileage of 72,210 for used 2020 Jeep Gladiator for sale in Jackson, MS and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Jeep Gladiator 2020 in Jackson, Mississippi to be $24,933.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.