Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
330 listings
  • New Listing
    • 15,329 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Hyman Bros INFINITI of Richmond (130 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 130 miles away from Durham, NC

    ~ONE OWNER~ CLEAN CARFAX~ ONLY 15,000 MILES~ MSRP $90,750~ BUCKET SEATS~ FACTORY REAR ENTERTAINMENT~

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE9P9302895
    Stock: P30631
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-10-2025

    • 13,835 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to NC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, GA / 416 miles away from Durham, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE9M9272469
    Stock: 27462890
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 20,111 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,323 miles away from Durham, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF4M9721615
    Stock: 2003782911
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $31,998
    fair price
    $582 above market
    • 70,765 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from DE to NC*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Newark, DE / 312 miles away from Durham, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF3M9716020
    Stock: 26657920
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 146,553 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Automan Empire (178 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 178 miles away from Durham, NC

    2017 INFINITI QX80 with powerful 5.6L V8 W/VVEL & DIG engine and driven only 146553 miles! Fully loaded and much more! CARFAX CERTIFIED**FINANCING AV...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NC9H9432056
    Stock: 432056
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $34,990
    fair price
    $1,122 above market
    • 51,814 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,040 miles away from Durham, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF0M9721479
    Stock: 2003376732
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-26-2024

  • $36,998
    fair price
    $1,297 above market
    • 65,329 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to NC*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 327 miles away from Durham, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AF2M9715859
    Stock: 27144396
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 148,428 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Automan Empire (178 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 178 miles away from Durham, NC

    2017 INFINITI QX80 with powerful 5.6L V8 W/VVEL & DIG engine and driven only 148428 miles! Fully loaded and much more! CARFAX CERTIFIED**FINANCING AV...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF0H9645505
    Stock: 645505
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 24,348 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 590 miles away from Durham, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE6M9271215
    Stock: 2003767841
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

    • 77,386 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Charlotte (116 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 116 miles away from Durham, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF7H9646179
    Stock: 2003739809
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

    • 94,468 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • GR Chevrolet Buick GMC Cadillac (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stanleytown, VA / 78 miles away from Durham, NC

    Champagne Quartz 2021 INFINITI QX80 LUXEAt GR Chevrolet GMC, we take pride in offering a high quality vehicles to fit every need and budget. We offer ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE1M9267783
    Stock: CMA2364A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 122,048 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Triad INEOS Grenadier (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in High Point, NC / 60 miles away from Durham, NC

    This 2019 INFINITI QX80 LUXE, has a Mocha Almond exterior and an Graphite interior color. 121995 miles. Stock Number K9227707A. You can connect with u...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NE6K9227707
    Stock: K9227707A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 33,169 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Hyman Bros INFINITI of Richmond (130 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 130 miles away from Durham, NC

    ~ONE OWNER~ CLEAN CARFAX~ MSRP $91,955~

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE8P9303729
    Stock: P30630
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-12-2025

    • 82,510 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Triad INEOS Grenadier (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in High Point, NC / 60 miles away from Durham, NC

    This 2021 INFINITI QX80 SENSORY, has a Moonstone White exterior and an Wheat interior color. 82510 miles. Stock Number S9604296A. You can connect with...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BE2M9269329
    Stock: S9604296A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

    • 32,693 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 345 miles away from Durham, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2BEXM9267036
    Stock: 2003746310
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 99,389 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 590 miles away from Durham, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF4K9680636
    Stock: 2003802791
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

    • 62,185 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Rockwall, TX / 1,017 miles away from Durham, NC

    3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Entertainment System,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Depar...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2ND9K9850102
    Stock: K9850102A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 39,840 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Corpus Christi, TX / 1,226 miles away from Durham, NC

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AD9M9861531
    Stock: M9861531T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 37,343 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Scott Clark Honda (114 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 114 miles away from Durham, NC

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.2023 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 5.6L V8 4WD 7-Speed Automatic**LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, **ONE OWNER, **CLEAN CARFAX, *...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2AE2P9305865
    Stock: PL05865
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 94,995 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Lake Norman INFINITI (113 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cornelius, NC / 113 miles away from Durham, NC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF8K9682406
    Stock: P65005A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 41,955 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 477 miles away from Durham, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AZ2NF9K9685184
    Stock: 2003795643
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 330 listings

Consumer Reviews for the INFINITI QX80

Read recent reviews for the INFINITI QX80
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (34%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (19%)
  • 2 star
    (25%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
4 out of 5 stars

My 5th INFINITI

JTitan, 04/21/2020
2019 INFINITI QX80 LUXE 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A)
This is my fifth INFINITI product, I had have many of their smaller cars and suvs in the past and was very happy. I decided to get something bigger for family use to travel comfortably. The ride quality and interior are excellent, safety systems work great! Reliability keeps me coming back to the brand as all of my INFINITI products have been flawless! This is a very comfortable long … distance cruiser, the rear seat entertainment is easy to use and the heated/cooled seats work quick. Leather quality is good and is resistant to discoloring (I have the wheat colored quilted leather). Overall the only knock is the technology is badly outdated but still does the basics. Gas mileage is predictable for a large naturally aspirated V8, the sound it makes is great and has strong, smooth acceleration! Overall I would buy again as this is an excellent luxury family do everything proper (truck based) suv!
Report abuse

Used 2023 INFINITI QX80 in Durham, NC Values

Estimated values
2023 INFINITI QX80 SENSORY 4dr SUV 4WD (5.6L 8cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$39,903$41,684$43,688
Clean$39,454$41,181$43,127
Average$38,704$40,343$42,190
Rough$37,730$39,254$40,973

The average list price of a used 2023 INFINITI QX80 in Durham, North Carolina is $36,315. The average mileage on a used INFINITI QX80 2023 for sale in Durham, North Carolina is 65,452. Based on the average mileage of 65,452 for used 2023 INFINITI QX80 for sale in Durham, NC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used INFINITI QX80 2023 in Durham, North Carolina to be $38,704.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.