Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
306 listings
    • 96,033 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Kelly Motorcars (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hatfield, PA / 85 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKJ5GR227855
    Stock: 7855
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Volkswagen of Doylestown (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doylestown, PA / 76 miles away from Bronx, NY

    2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic AWD 4D Sport Utility Black Raven Local Trade, Great Service History, AS-IS Vehicle, AWD, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL3RR175758
    Stock: B504121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Volkswagen of Doylestown (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doylestown, PA / 76 miles away from Bronx, NY

    2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic AWD 4D Sport Utility Black Raven Bought & Serviced at Fred Beans, Local Trade, Great Serv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL8RR175741
    Stock: B504111
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-04-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Volkswagen of Doylestown (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doylestown, PA / 76 miles away from Bronx, NY

    2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic AWD 4D Sport Utility Black Raven Local Trade, Great Service History, Triton Certified Cla...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL7RR175729
    Stock: B504211
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-10-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Volkswagen of Doylestown (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doylestown, PA / 76 miles away from Bronx, NY

    2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic AWD 4D Sport Utility Black Raven Bought & Serviced at Fred Beans, Local Trade, Great Serv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL9RR176896
    Stock: B504101
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Volkswagen of Doylestown (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doylestown, PA / 76 miles away from Bronx, NY

    2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic AWD 4D Sport Utility Black Raven Bought & Serviced at Fred Beans, Local Trade, Great Serv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL7RR101050
    Stock: B504201
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-04-2025

    • 81,564 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Volkswagen of Doylestown (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doylestown, PA / 76 miles away from Bronx, NY

    2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed Automatic AWD 4D Sport Utility Black Raven Local Trade, Great Service History, Triton Certified Cla...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKL8RR175755
    Stock: B504221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-04-2025

    • 79,465 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Roberti Automotive (74 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kingston, NY / 74 miles away from Bronx, NY

    One Owner !!!!Roberti Automotive is your #1 source for buying a quality pre-owned vehicle. With years of experience serving the area, we are dedicated...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ6GR127479
    Stock: 7427 WL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-15-2025

    • 137,895 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Discount Auto Sales (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 17 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKJXFR255133
    Stock: 255133
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 114,343 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Hitchcock Motor Cars (67 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wolcott, CT / 67 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ1FR165815
    Stock: HM3075
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $195,000
    fair price
    $3,001 below market
    • 4,750 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 17 Hwy MPG
    • DGL Motors (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Rutherford, NJ / 12 miles away from Bronx, NY

    DGL Motors DGL Motors 31 Route 17 Rutherford, NJ 0**** 2**-7**-7771 Turn heads and ride in style with this sleek 2025 Cadillac Escalade. This beauty c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS9SR98SR313446
    Stock: DGL3446P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2025

    • 17,122 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Coleman Cadillac (59 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, NJ / 59 miles away from Bronx, NY

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Crystal White Tricoat 2025 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum 4WD 6.2L V8 10-Speed AutomaticWith competitive prices a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS9RRL3SR171706
    Stock: C25318A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-16-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 176,889 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Nemri Auto Sales (36 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dover, NJ / 36 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SKJ2FR712071
    Stock: 712071
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-12-2025

    • 129,581 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • AW Auto and Truck Wholesalers (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lodi, NJ / 11 miles away from Bronx, NY

    ,APPOINTMENT STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, 60 PLUS VEHICLES IN STORAGE!! The exterior maintains the Escalade's imposing and iconic silhouette, with its 4WD P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKJ4FR149132
    Stock: 89039N
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 855 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • JC II Auto (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in College Point, NY / 6 miles away from Bronx, NY

    JC II Auto is a broker

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS9JRL8SR284164
    Stock: 284164
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 120,949 miles
    • 2 accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Conicelli Toyota of Conshohocken (92 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Conshohocken, PA / 92 miles away from Bronx, NY

    New Arrival! -Backup Camera -Navigation -4X4 4WD -Leather -Bluetooth -Push Button Start -Auto Climate Control -Power Lift Gate -3rd Row Seating -Aux. ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SKJ8FR646836
    Stock: TR25784A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-21-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 60 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Trinity Cadillac (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Englewood Cliffs, NJ / 4 miles away from Bronx, NY

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Escalade ESV Sport, 6.2L V8, 4WD, Black Raven, 2-Speed Active Transfer Case, AKG Studio 19-Speaker Audio System, Bli...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS9NRLXSR349006
    Stock: 31433A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 10,928 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • New Rochelle Chevrolet (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in New Rochelle, NY / 6 miles away from Bronx, NY

    ***LEATHER***, ***LOW MILES***, ***4X4***, ***SUNROOF***, *** BACKUP SENSORS***, *** LEATHER ***, *** ONE OWNER***, ***ACCIDENT FREE***, ***NAVIGATION...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS9KRLXSR166297
    Stock: U14938
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-13-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 6 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Cars & Trucks 4 Sales (46 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick Township, NJ / 46 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS9RRLXSR214017
    Stock: 11053A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 30,074 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Billings, MT / 1,763 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Entertainment System,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steer...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKJ2FR182517
    Stock: 54425BM
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 57,453 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to NY*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Gilbert, AZ / 2,135 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3TKJ7FR506558
    Stock: 27831362
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 274 - 294 out of 306 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (34%)
5 out of 5 stars

My dream vehicle!

Cindy W., 01/28/2020
2018 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A)
If you're looking for a great ride, a ton of bells and whistles and a stylish vehicle, you're going to love owning an Escalade. This SUV has everything, hiding spots for your belongings, USB ports everywhere, 120v plugin, a ton of Bose speakers and so much more. The camera system is amazing! When I flip up my rear view mirror I see traffic behind me. When I pull into my garage I … still get the 360 view to make sure that I'm over enough and in far enough. My only issue, and this is a me issue is that this is sooo much bigger than the Tahoe I came from. This one is a beast ;o) so I'm having problems pulling into parking spots still, but with time, I'm sure that I'll nail it.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Bronx, NY Values

Estimated values
2016 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$20,690$24,759$27,674
Clean$20,030$23,912$26,665
Average$18,928$22,500$24,983
Rough$17,497$20,665$22,797

The average list price of a used 2016 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Bronx, New York is $66,600. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2016 for sale in Bronx, New York is 66,123. Based on the average mileage of 66,123 for used 2016 Cadillac Escalade ESV for sale in Bronx, NY and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2016 in Bronx, New York to be $18,928.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.