Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
313 listings
  • New Listing
    • 53,724 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to FL*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 432 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ7LR221979
    Stock: 26782901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 68,365 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 921 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJXLR247389
    Stock: 2003987356
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 58,433 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to FL*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 548 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJXLR302765
    Stock: 27461918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $13,990
    great price
    $8,334 below market
    • 138,704 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Start Auto Liquidation (180 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hollywood, FL / 180 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ7KR125252
    Stock: 125252
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 105,950 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Coconut Creek (171 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Coconut Creek, FL / 171 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Sun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatLpo; Interior Protection PackageLpo; All-Weather Floor Mats; 1St; 2Nd And 3Rd RowLpo; Carg...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKJ1JR382564
    Stock: JR382564
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-15-2025

  • $28,488
    good price
    $1,269 below market
    • 93,040 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Keywood Motors (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 77 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ5JR388707
    Stock: 24-210
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $19,777
    great price
    $5,578 below market
    • 134,066 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Palmetto Bay Motors (191 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 191 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKJ6KR347787
    Stock: PB347787
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-06-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,999
    good price
    $241 below market
    • 101,540 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Molina Auto Sales (183 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hialeah, FL / 183 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ8JR336846
    Stock: 336846
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 38,769 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chevrolet Pembroke Pines (178 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pembroke Pines, FL / 178 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes and new pair of tires! Super CruisePanoramic RoofLeather SeatsNavigation...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4NKLXNR276152
    Stock: NR276152
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 39,660 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NY to FL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Smithtown, NY / 1,071 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ4LR193636
    Stock: 27572868
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 166,345 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Autogator (156 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 156 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Apply Today and Drive Away with Confidence!We make car buying easy and stress-free, regardless of your credit history. Whether you have no credit, bad...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ6LR191907
    Stock: AG1858
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-26-2025

    • 101,734 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • City Motor Miami (185 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 185 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    City Motors Sales 7900 SW 8th Street Miami, FL 33144 7**-7**-6*** Step into luxury and sophistication with this sleek BLACK 2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKJ2LR159205
    Stock: A3720
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

    • Not provided
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • GP Auto Connection Group (78 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Haines City, FL / 78 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CAPS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ8LR153787
    Stock: 153787
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • $62,795
    great price
    $4,128 below market
    • 63,394 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Sun Toyota (52 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Holiday, FL / 52 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Sun Toyotas Real Nationwide Lifetime Powertrain WarrantyDrive with confidence knowing your investment is backed by our exclusive Sun Toyota Lifetime P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL0PR500384
    Stock: O500384
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2025

    • 76,027 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Supra Auto Sales (166 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Riviera Beach, FL / 166 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKJ4LR106556
    Stock: 2368
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

    • 55,806 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Delray Buick GMC (173 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Delray Beach, FL / 173 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CARFAX One-Owner.4WD, 16.9 Diagonal OLED Infotainment Screen, 19 Speakers, Adaptive Cruise Control, AKG Studio 19-Speaker Audio System, Apple CarPlay/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKLXNR160903
    Stock: 160903U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 82,617 miles
    • Issue reported, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Palm Beach Mitsubishi (167 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 167 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Full dealer inspection and recently serviced. Extended warranties available for full peace of mind. We welcome all third party inspectors on site. We ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ2JR317547
    Stock: PV317547
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2025

  • $20,899
    great price
    $3,178 below market
    • 130,000 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Check Auto (40 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 40 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    2019 CADILLAC ESCALADE ESV LUXURY 6.2L V8 SUV EXCELLENT SUV. Located at 7102 N Florida Ave Tampa 33604 FL ANY QUESTIONS CALL&TEXT AT 8*** Well maint...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ5KR132393
    Stock: 132393
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-22-2025

  • $105,000
    fair price
    $4,634 below market
    • 50,327 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Vera Cadillac (178 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pembroke Pines, FL / 178 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. Black Raven 2023 Cadillac Escalade ESV V-Series AWD 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 6.2L V8 Supercharged ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4SK97PR281654
    Stock: C362153A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    $55,032
    great price
    $9,110 below market
    • 68,604 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Signature Auto Group (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hallandale, FL / 184 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Black Raven 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport 4WD 10-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 6.2L V8 4WD.Recent Arrival!

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4PKL8MR205879
    Stock: FL205879
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2025

  • $75,779
    good price
    $3,853 below market
    • 17,158 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Land Rover Palm Beach (161 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 161 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    This Cadillac Escalade ESV has a dependable Gas V8 6.2L/375 engine powering this Automatic transmission. WINDOW CONTROL, ALL WINDOWS, EXPRESS-UP/DOWN ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKLXPR362627
    Stock: PR5747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 313 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (34%)
5 out of 5 stars

My dream vehicle!

Cindy W., 01/28/2020
2018 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A)
If you're looking for a great ride, a ton of bells and whistles and a stylish vehicle, you're going to love owning an Escalade. This SUV has everything, hiding spots for your belongings, USB ports everywhere, 120v plugin, a ton of Bose speakers and so much more. The camera system is amazing! When I flip up my rear view mirror I see traffic behind me. When I pull into my garage I … still get the 360 view to make sure that I'm over enough and in far enough. My only issue, and this is a me issue is that this is sooo much bigger than the Tahoe I came from. This one is a beast ;o) so I'm having problems pulling into parking spots still, but with time, I'm sure that I'll nail it.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Bradenton, FL Values

Estimated values
2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 4dr SUV (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$30,457$34,413$38,216
Clean$29,903$33,783$37,513
Average$28,979$32,733$36,341
Rough$27,778$31,369$34,817

The average list price of a used 2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Bradenton, Florida is $43,776. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2020 for sale in Bradenton, Florida is 82,213. Based on the average mileage of 82,213 for used 2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV for sale in Bradenton, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2020 in Bradenton, Florida to be $28,979.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.