Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
90 listings
  • $25,963
    good price
    $1,064 below market
    • 73,783 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Southgate Lincoln (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Southgate, MI / 137 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Radiant Silver Metallic 2019 Cadillac CT6 3.6L Premium Luxury AWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 SIDI DOHC VVT 2019 Cadillac CT6 3.6L Premium Luxury in Ra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KD5RS0KU134522
    Stock: 14945
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-30-2024

  • $26,271
    good price
    $1,255 below market
    • 70,431 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Baumann Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (175 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Port Clinton, OH / 175 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Manhattan Noir Metallic 2019 Cadillac CT6 3.6L Luxury 4D Sedan 3.6L V6 SIDI DOHC VVT 10-Speed Automatic AWDBAUMANN AUTO GROUP GENOA - 4**.8**.8***.LOC...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KB5RS4KU124176
    Stock: FC25093B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,000
    good price
    $1,416 below market
    • 88,084 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Harvard Chevrolet GMC (154 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Harvard, IL / 154 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    CT6 3.0L Twin Turbo Premium Luxury NO ACCIDENTS., HEATED & COOLED LEATHER SEATS, PUSH BUTTON START, PREMIUM SOUND SYSTEM, BLUETOOTH, SATELLITE RADIO, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KH5R64HU201932
    Stock: P6232A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • $26,329
    good price
    $2,016 below market
    • 92,013 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Fernelius Ford Lincoln (192 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cheboygan, MI / 192 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!18/26 City/Highway MPGThis 2019 Cadillac CT6 3.0L Twin Turbo Sport in Manhattan Noir Metallic is waiting for you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KN5R69KU142540
    Stock: F8296A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • $22,995
    fair price
    $668 above market
    • 68,064 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Guaranteed Motor Cars - Lake Villa (127 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lake Villa, IL / 127 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    CT6 3.6L Luxury, 4D Sedan, 3.6L V6 SIDI DOHC VVT, 8-Speed Automatic, AWD, Stellar Black Metallic, Black Leather.Stellar Black Metallic 2017 Cadillac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KD5RS4HU180962
    Stock: LV357
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 56,704 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 560 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KD5RS6KU118888
    Stock: 2003725101
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

    • 40,285 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Ballas Buick GMC (135 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Toledo, OH / 135 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    We're practically giving away this used 2019 Cadillac CT6 in Toledo, OHIO. It might be older than three years, but it's style and grace is still rel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KE5RS4KU124895
    Stock: T35725A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

    • 184,245 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • S & H Auto Sales Osceola (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Osceola, IN / 91 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    This 2017 Cadillac CT6 3.6L Premium Luxury AWD is LOADED! 360 Camera, Vista Sunroof, Heated AND Cooled Front Seats, OnStar and more! Come see this LUX...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KF5RS5HU132848
    Stock: C132848
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 32,319 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Genesis Of Milwaukee (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Waukesha, WI / 128 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Local Trade, Heated and Cooled Leather Seats, Panoramic Sunroof, Navigation, 360-Degree Camera, Apple CarPlay / Android Auto, Remote Start, Rear Enter...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KT5R66KU126592
    Stock: 25GN747A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

    • 61,000 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 1 owner, personal use
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • All Star Auto Group (135 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lincoln Park, MI / 135 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KP5R62KU132670
    Stock: 132670
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 33,509 miles
    • Lemon reported, 1 owner, personal use
    • 14 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Van Horn Chevrolet of Plymouth (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Plymouth, WI / 126 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    CARFAX One-Owner. Panoramic Sunroof, Navigation, Heated and Cooled Front Seats, Heated and Cooled Rear Seats, Heated Steering Wheel, Adaptive Cruise C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KV5RJ6KU143648
    Stock: A112602BB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 37,044 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 248 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KN5R68KU142996
    Stock: 2003766656
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 46,363 miles
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • David Rice Auto Sales (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Schoolcraft, MI / 57 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    INSTALLED FEATURES: Air filtration: ionizing, Front air conditioning: automatic climate control, Front air conditioning zones: dual, Humidity/dewpoint...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KT5R67KU130019
    Stock: P11143
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • $16,490
    great price
    $2,255 below market
    • 134,586 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold, NJ / 617 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,High Value Options,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Lane Keep...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KJ5R66JU119971
    Stock: T9050175AAA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $26,975
    good price
    $3,403 below market
    • 48,216 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • 75 North Auto (99 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Flint, MI / 99 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Welcome to 75 North Auto Sales. If your interested in one of our vehicles please call (8**)9**-7*** to confirm availability and schedule an appointmen...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KE5R6XJU124837
    Stock: 3216
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-13-2024

    • 97,185 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Road Runner Auto Sales (133 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Taylor, MI / 133 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KD5RS0HU180232
    Stock: 10584
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $21,995
    good price
    $2,104 below market
    • 74,450 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • LaFontaine Buick GMC (104 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Highland Charter Township, MI / 104 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 3765 miles below market average! Satin Steel Metallic AWDWe use state-of-the-art software to price our vehicles to be the mo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KD5RSXJU104295
    Stock: 5G163NA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • $21,980
    good price
    $1,996 below market
    • 71,935 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Josh's All Under Ten (168 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lima, OH / 168 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    WE ARE OPEN FOR ALL YOUR SALES AND SERVICE NEEDS!Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Odometer is 11810 miles below market average!Black Raven 2018 C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KB5RS9JU153221
    Stock: 153221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • $24,995
    good price
    $2,015 below market
    • 65,579 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Twins Auto Mall (178 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rockford, IL / 178 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    Twins Auto Mall Twins Auto Mall 3424 S Alpine Rd Rockford, IL 61109 8**-7**-0*** Visit Twins Auto Mall to shop our great deals. You can contact us or...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KD5RS0JU100207
    Stock: 100207
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-20-2025

  • $22,995
    fair price
    $471 below market
    • 78,159 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Metro Motors Sales & Leasing (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 4 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    VERY CLEAN READY TO GO AWD NEW CAR TRADE IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KD5RSXJU119962
    Stock: 20755
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • $27,590
    fair price
    $462 below market
    • 30,951 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Shaver Preferred Motors (131 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Merrillville, IN / 131 miles away from Grand Rapids, MI

    This 2018 Cadillac CT6 AWD, has a Satin Steel Metallic exterior and a Jet Black interior. Please call us at 2**-2**-8*** and reference stock number 16...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G6KB5RS4JU155815
    Stock: 16205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 90 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac CT6

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac CT6
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars55 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 55 reviews
  • 5 star
    (58%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
5 out of 5 stars

Fantastic voyage

Deborah, 04/14/2018
2018 Cadillac CT6 PLUG-IN 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo gas/electric hybrid EVT)
I absolutely love this car. I have owned 6 cars and 3 SUV's and the CT6 hybrid is by far the best. The ride is incredible. The ride is so smooth it feels as though you are floating. The seats hug you as you drive and it feels as though they were made just to fit your body. The technology in this car is amazing and surprisingly easy to navigate.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Cadillac CT6 in Grand Rapids, MI Values

Estimated values
2019 Cadillac CT6 Premium Luxury 4dr Sedan AWD (3.6L 6cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$25,210$28,404$31,264
Clean$24,482$27,551$30,291
Average$23,267$26,130$28,669
Rough$21,689$24,283$26,560

The average list price of a used 2019 Cadillac CT6 in Grand Rapids, Michigan is $27,048. The average mileage on a used Cadillac CT6 2019 for sale in Grand Rapids, Michigan is 70,710. Based on the average mileage of 70,710 for used 2019 Cadillac CT6 for sale in Grand Rapids, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac CT6 2019 in Grand Rapids, Michigan to be $23,267.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.