Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
282 listings
  • New Listing
    $25,998
    good price
    $1,358 below market
    • 42,175 miles
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Charleston, SC / 350 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR4XPF109297
    Stock: 27462818
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $24,950
    fair price
    $929 below market
    • 55,235 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • District Auto Group (145 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Temple Hills, MD / 145 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 2-Way Driver Seat Power Lumbar Control, 2-Way Passenger Seat Power Lumbar Control, 3.47 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brake...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR41PF164110
    Stock: 952
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

  • $23,998
    fair price
    $283 below market
    • 48,170 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 1,553 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR41PF193333
    Stock: 27248194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $26,175
    fair price
    $706 above market
    • 51,776 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • DARCARS Honda of Fairfax (153 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 153 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    2023 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury Galactic Gray Metallic AWD 9-Speed Automatic 2.0L I4 Turbocharged4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 7 Speakers, 7-Speaker Audio S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR47PF182696
    Stock: E1X0078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,998
    fair price
    $843 above market
    • 56,962 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MN to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn Park, MN / 1,057 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR47PF200825
    Stock: 27800196
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,999
    good price
    $1,444 below market
    • 40,079 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Antwerpen Volkswagen (162 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Pasadena, MD / 162 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR45PF125598
    Stock: RV7478P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,590
    fair price
    $51 above market
    • 47,234 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 710 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER49PF144389
    Stock: 2004007205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 29,613 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 439 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYAZAR44PF110329
    Stock: 2003947364
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,272
    fair price
    $45 above market
    • 51,658 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Riverside Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Fiat (130 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in New Bern, NC / 130 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CARFAX One-Owner. LOWEST PRICE IN EASTERN NC, LOWEST MILES IN EASTERN NC, ALL WHEEL DRIVE, BLUETOOTH, BACKUP CAMERA, NAVIGATION, TOUCH SCREEN, PERFORM...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR45PF163466
    Stock: P10438
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,998
    fair price
    $312 above market
    • 43,660 miles
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 1,554 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR48PF174455
    Stock: 26935657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $27,650
    fair price
    $675 below market
    • 54,119 miles
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Antwerpen Chevrolet (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sykesville, MD / 184 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Recent Arrival! Experience peace of mind with every new car purchase at Antwerpen Automotive "our exclusive 20-year/200,000-mile limited powertrain wa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR48PF197997
    Stock: S97997PR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-23-2025

  • $24,998
    fair price
    $68 below market
    • 52,597 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Puyallup, WA / 2,431 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR47PF128329
    Stock: 27765903
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 16,150 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IN to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Wayne, IN / 561 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZBR42PF108039
    Stock: 27699847
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $27,998
    fair price
    $355 above market
    • 44,229 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buford, GA / 473 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZBR41PF103009
    Stock: 27873208
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 20,099 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 436 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZCR4XPF103175
    Stock: 2004051100
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2025

    • 21,091 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 333 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZER4XPF173707
    Stock: 27744966
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 24,774 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MO to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Saint Peters, MO / 794 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYAZAR47PF137086
    Stock: 25833605
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 27,548 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,193 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR42RF156607
    Stock: 2003937640
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 2,841 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Easterns Automotive Group of Sterling / Direct Car Buying (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 165 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    2023 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury Argent Silver Metallic AWD 9-Speed Automatic 2-Way Driver Seat Power Lumbar Control, 2-Way Passenger Seat Power Lumba...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYFZDR46PF115698
    Stock: 164852
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 43,421 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 1,305 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYAZAR47PF110485
    Stock: 27830254
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 45,311 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to VA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 514 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYAZAR45PF127947
    Stock: 27656871
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 211 - 231 out of 282 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac XT4

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac XT4
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars56 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 56 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (13%)
5 out of 5 stars

May Be The Best Cadillac SUV Yet?

Deepwoods, 01/03/2019
2019 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 9A)
Have owned two other Cadillac's in the past 5 years and this one is clearly the best, not that the other two were not, but this one stands out. Replaced a 2016 SRX that we really liked, but like this more. It's sporty looking, has great acceleration and quiet comfortable drive. Excellent interior finishes with controls that make sense and are easy to understand and use. Vastly … improved entertainment system is a pleasure to use vs. old CUE systems. Plenty of room front or back for my 6'3" frame. Add to all this the fact it runs on regular gasoline vs. any competition and this is a vehicle to take seriously over it's competition.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Cadillac XT4 in Chesapeake, VA Values

Estimated values
2023 Cadillac XT4 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$22,401$24,216$26,264
Clean$22,149$23,924$25,926
Average$21,728$23,437$25,363
Rough$21,182$22,804$24,631

The average list price of a used 2023 Cadillac XT4 in Chesapeake, Virginia is $27,897. The average mileage on a used Cadillac XT4 2023 for sale in Chesapeake, Virginia is 38,988. Based on the average mileage of 38,988 for used 2023 Cadillac XT4 for sale in Chesapeake, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac XT4 2023 in Chesapeake, Virginia to be $21,728.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.