Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
614 listings
  • $10,350
    fair price
    $222 above market
    • 135,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Double H Auto Exchange (15 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Queen Creek, AZ / 15 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Visit Double H Auto Exchange.com in Queen Creek to shop our certified vehicles. Your East Valley dealer near San Tan Valley Mesa Gilbert and Chandler...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBM1U79GM248214
    Stock: B25141F
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,998
    fair price
    $295 above market
    • 43,723 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Savannah, GA / 1,782 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1K78G1282454
    Stock: 27308978
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $15,998
    fair price
    $737 above market
    • 60,467 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 41 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Renton, WA / 1,112 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1T75G1318485
    Stock: 27712522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 77,530 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 878 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1K7XG1329998
    Stock: 27670221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $425 above market
    • 86,355 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Ocola, FL / 1,769 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPALMXL1171992
    Stock: 27689044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $20,998
    good price
    $724 below market
    • 53,474 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 606 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPBNM6L1170289
    Stock: 27736886
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 104,126 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 833 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBM1T7XGM298623
    Stock: 2003948592
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $11,990
    fair price
    $189 above market
    • 105,520 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Roseburg, OR / 914 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Sunroof / Moonroof,4 Cylinder Engine,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,6-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Ad...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1L79G1325374
    Stock: 29856F
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 62,117 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 872 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1T7XG1315131
    Stock: 2003979571
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,590
    fair price
    $353 above market
    • 63,021 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,735 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPBNM1L1149401
    Stock: 2004026545
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

  • $21,998
    fair price
    $790 above market
    • 56,299 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NM to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 325 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPANM3L1167117
    Stock: 27503791
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $12,695
    fair price
    $148 below market
    • 78,413 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Farmington Hills, MI / 1,662 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,4 Cylinder Engine,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,6-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Adjustable ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1U75G1283655
    Stock: G1283655P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $668 above market
    • 87,428 miles
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Riverside, CA / 322 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPACL9L1163809
    Stock: 27856677
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,990
    fair price
    $377 above market
    • 66,170 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,769 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPACL5LM131830
    Stock: 2003712935
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $21,998
    fair price
    $773 above market
    • 35,834 miles
    • 27 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 509 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPAEM5LM132501
    Stock: 27007163
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 72,003 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,936 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1U71G1322029
    Stock: 2003946265
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-07-2025

    • 81,167 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,780 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBM1V7XGM247975
    Stock: 2003980180
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

    • 54,216 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 833 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPACL4LM127395
    Stock: 2003939411
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

    • 60,993 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Courtesy Chevrolet (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 15 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Sales price is plus tax, title, license, and $599 Doc fee, and dealer installed accessories. All New & Used Courtesy vehicles come pre-equipped with L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPBAY3NM312433
    Stock: SDP11037
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2025

    • 112,787 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 828 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBM1M72GM259524
    Stock: 2003946512
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 10,252 miles
    • 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Phoenix (17 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 17 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPAKL8N1512382
    Stock: 2004082800
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-18-2025

Showing 190 - 210 out of 614 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda 3

Read recent reviews for the Mazda 3
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars62 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 62 reviews
  • 5 star
    (74%)
  • 4 star
    (19%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
5 out of 5 stars

Zippy but refined

David Tate , 03/21/2018
2018 Mazda 3 Touring 4dr Hatchback (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
After spending the past number of years driving large SUVs, I finally made the leap back into a smaller, sportier car. I’ve considered other smaller cars over the years, but none really piqued my interest for one reason or another. I wanted a driver’s car but wasn’t really wanting to pay a premium price. I also wanted a practical car but didn’t want to sacrifice performance and pure … fun. For me, the Mazda 3 is a perfect amalgamation of what I’ve been looking for. It’s sporty yet refined, small but not minute, and practical but not boring in the least. It handles way better than anything in it’s price range. The fuel efficiency rivals some hybrid cars. The interior is flawless. The seats envelope the driver perfectly and lend a feeling of mutual comfort and secure fit. For the price, the engine is quick enough. Sure, I’d rather be in the 250 HP range, but that would require a compromise in aesthetics or a price increase of at least $15k. At this point, I’m extremely pleased with my purchase. Do your own research on this car and compare it to others in its price range and above. For pure driving experience and design, you won’t find anything comparable. Highly recommended. Update Oct 2020: still loving this car. It still drives as great now as the day I bought it. I ending up buying my daughter the CX 30 and she loves her car as well.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Mazda 3 in Mesa, AZ Values

Estimated values
2016 Mazda 3 i Sport 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$7,702$11,215$13,719
Clean$7,339$10,659$13,005
Average$6,735$9,732$11,814
Rough$5,949$8,527$10,266

The average list price of a used 2016 Mazda 3 in Mesa, Arizona is $17,430. The average mileage on a used Mazda 3 2016 for sale in Mesa, Arizona is 71,757. Based on the average mileage of 71,757 for used 2016 Mazda 3 for sale in Mesa, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda 3 2016 in Mesa, Arizona to be $6,735.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.