Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
566 listings
  • New Listing
    $22,998
    fair price
    $615 above market
    • 44,351 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,045 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNARS0KZ212958
    Stock: 27165944
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $21,998
    fair price
    $102 below market
    • 66,598 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,045 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNERS7KZ227268
    Stock: 27489324
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 69,488 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,371 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNCRS1HZ102361
    Stock: 2003812673
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • Appraise
    my car

    Get the Edmunds appraisal report and a no-obligation offer for your car

    See my car’s value
  • New Listing
    • 74,460 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Gainsville, GA / 752 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS4HZ242219
    Stock: 27103761
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 96,187 miles
    • 4 accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • ltoauto (40 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in New Britain, CT / 40 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS8HZ199987
    Stock: 199987RR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2024

  • New Listing
    • 58,835 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,418 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1HZ268613
    Stock: 2003824057
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 45,213 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 914 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBRS3HZ104431
    Stock: 2003829009
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

    • 70,898 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 442 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1KZ182208
    Stock: 2003732721
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,978 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 215 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS8KZ202129
    Stock: 2003706711
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

    • 98,344 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • West Islip Auto Sales Inc (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Islip, NY / 32 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    This 2017 Cadillac XT5 Luxury Plus Performance. IS A MUST SEE & IS IN MINT CONDITION! Our network of banks ensures you THAT YOU CAN drive away regardl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS6HZ225742
    Stock: 5742
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-17-2024

    • 32,230 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • ltoauto (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in New Britain, CT / 40 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1KZ300869
    Stock: 300869
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-04-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 42,691 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 521 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNGRS3KZ220832
    Stock: 2003770575
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

    • 33,258 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats
    • Cadillac of Mahwah (50 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mahwah, NJ / 50 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS5MZ117719
    Stock: 12785A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-02-2021

  • Stock photo**
    • 66,591 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Open Road Cadillac Of Morristown (69 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Florham Park, NJ / 69 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Heated Leather Seats, NAV, Sunroof, Satellite Radio, Back-Up Camera, Rear Air, All Wheel Drive, Panoramic Roof, Power Liftgate, CADILLAC USER EXPERIEN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS9KZ181890
    Stock: 4469LA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 85,337 miles
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Stephen Buick GMC (39 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bristol, CT / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2019 Cadillac XT5 Clean CARFAX. LuxuryIf you are interested, don't hesitate to call us at 8**-5**-7*** to schedule your test drive appointment. * See ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS1KZ218981
    Stock: UA38225A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2025

  • $39,621
    good price
    $2,238 below market
    • 15,480 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Harte Volkswagen Of Meriden (31 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Meriden, CT / 31 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Harte VW & Harte Family Motors all at one location now! New Owners and New Management, here for you! We always have your best interest at Harte!!2022 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNHRS8NZ172769
    Stock: VW2483
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,990
    good price
    $2,373 below market
    • 31,310 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Empire Cadillac of Long Island City (47 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Queens, NY / 47 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Certified. Cadillac Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Courtesy transportation & 24 hour Roadside Assistance for the life of the warranty and stringent 17...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNBR44NZ142005
    Stock: UC1205O
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,395
    fair price
    $22 below market
    • 26,778 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Atlantic Chevrolet (31 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 31 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    *The Internet Price is reflective after $1,995 down. Price subject to change Subject to primary lenders approval. All prices exclude tax, title, deale...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS0NZ109237
    Stock: 53328T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $32,065
    good price
    $2,518 below market
    • 19,521 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • North Bay Cadillac (38 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Great Neck, NY / 38 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Certified. 2022 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury Stellar Black Metallic This XT5 Premium Luxury is nicely equipped with Interior Protection Package (LPO) (...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDR42NZ119155
    Stock: 12191P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-04-2025

  • $23,574
    good price
    $2,647 below market
    • 51,507 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Sawyer Lyons Buick GMC (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Randolph, NJ / 77 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Satin Steel Metallic 2020 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury AWD 9-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 DI VVT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRSXLZ168115
    Stock: T17603
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,185
    good price
    $3,493 below market
    • 40,115 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Malouf Chevrolet (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 84 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Recent Arrival! 8 Speakers, Air Ionizer, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, Automatic Dual-Zone Climate Control, Automatic Emergency Braking, Bose Performance Ser...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYKNDRS0LZ144602
    Stock: 72682
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

Showing 232 - 252 out of 566 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac XT5

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac XT5
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars41 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 41 reviews
  • 5 star
    (54%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (12%)
5 out of 5 stars

Exceptional Vehicle

Afam Naper (pen name), 02/04/2018
2018 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 8A)
I love my XT5. I am in my mid-forties and never thought I would be so car crazy. This vehicle is perfect. Lots of tech features. Some of the things I have been pleasantly surprised by is the visibility and handling in bad weather conditions and at night. I also like the ability to switch transmission from front wheel, AWD, and sport mode. Sport mode is fun and it gives a little … mid-life crisis sport car feel or at least as close as you can get when trying to be practical with a family of 5. I live in the Midwest and so deal with the four seasons. This car cruises through them all. If I had only one complaint is the start/stop feature and gas mileage - not great. I am completely used to it, but prefer it didn't have it and perhaps a bit better on gas. I looked at all the luxury models and this had the best combination of styling, technology, comfort, and overall handling. Wife loves the vehicle and the kids love the vehicle which isn't easy since all of them have their opinions and different preferences. I have been in a number of accidents unfortunately and the safety features make me feel really safe. I cannot recommend this SUV enough. I also think the styling competes and in some cases out class it's foreign competitors and brings something that is uniquely American to it.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Cadillac XT5 in Bridgeport, CT Values

Estimated values
2019 Cadillac XT5 4dr SUV (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,731$19,201$21,395
Clean$16,378$18,793$20,936
Average$15,790$18,112$20,172
Rough$15,025$17,228$19,178

The average list price of a used 2019 Cadillac XT5 in Bridgeport, Connecticut is $26,080. The average mileage on a used Cadillac XT5 2019 for sale in Bridgeport, Connecticut is 53,246. Based on the average mileage of 53,246 for used 2019 Cadillac XT5 for sale in Bridgeport, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac XT5 2019 in Bridgeport, Connecticut to be $15,790.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.