Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
456 listings

Save with BMW 7 Series rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • New Listing
    • 78,285 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 546 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F0C51JGM22904
    Stock: 2003819218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 195,356 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 13 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Euroasian Auto (417 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 417 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    For sale is a 2018 BMW M760i xDrive AWD 4dr Sedan. This is a clean title 2 owner vehicle that shows zero accidents or damage via Carfax. It's basicall...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7H6C5XJG614741
    Stock: 614741
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 60,697 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 868 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F0C56JGM22705
    Stock: 2003726029
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • Appraise
    my car

    Get the Edmunds appraisal report and a no-obligation offer for your car

    See my car’s value
  • New Listing
    • 61,813 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in New York City, NY / 922 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C5XJG424985
    Stock: 2003713665
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 52,382 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Car Dome Auto Sales (431 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Detroit, MI / 431 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    A fantastic machine, our 2020 BMW 7 Series 740i xDrive Sedan combines luxury and performance like no other in Black Sapphire Metallic! Powered by a Tu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7T4C03LCD68491
    Stock: YO-2368
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

    • 51,000 miles
    • Lemon reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • KNB Motors (195 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Northlake, IL / 195 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Year-2018 Make-BMW 7 Series Model-740i Sedan 4D 6-Cyl, Twin Turbo, 3.0L Auto, 8-Spd Sport MM RWD Sedan Gasoline Ext.-White Int.-Black

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7E2C50JG743251
    Stock: 11000
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 105,983 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Indy Auto Man (328 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 328 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Indy Auto Man, Indianapolis' premier used car dealership, presents this beautiful 2016 BMW 7 Series for sale in Indianapolis, Indiana. Every vehicle i...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C59GG417308
    Stock: R2776
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 41,937 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Lexus of Easton (476 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 476 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7U2C00LGM27309
    Stock: E10366
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 82,219 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Oxmoor Hyundai (412 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 412 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Summary***THIS VEHICLE IS LOCATED AT OXMOOR HYUNDAI (5**)8**-3***THIS VEHICLE IS LOCATED AT OXMOOR HYUNDAI (5**)8**-3Vehicle DetailsExperience the...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C53JG424195
    Stock: G897B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 37,172 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,250 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F0C56JGM22509
    Stock: 2003771217
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 63,470 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • David Rice Auto Sales (311 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Schoolcraft, MI / 311 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    INSTALLED FEATURES: Air filtration: active charcoal, Front air conditioning: automatic climate control, Front air conditioning zones: dual, Rear air c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C57JB238754
    Stock: P9964
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 77,155 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 688 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C59JG424086
    Stock: 2003801582
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

    • 49,324 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Norfolk, VA / 891 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C59JG424797
    Stock: 2003735794
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

    • 66,182 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Southfield Quality Cars (435 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Detroit, MI / 435 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2018 BMW 750i xDRIVE M Sprts Pkg - Southfield Quality Cars is proud to offer this beautiful vehicle with Gray exterior and black interior leather seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C51JG424180
    Stock: 424180
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 38,054 miles
    • 4 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 14 mi est. electric range
    • 25 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • American Customs (491 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 491 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7J2C58JG938235
    Stock: ACF206
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-10-2023

  • $16,900
    good price
    $2,679 below market
    • 107,064 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Marsh Auto Sales LLC (425 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Ortonville, MI / 425 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2017 BMW 7 Series 750i X Drive AWD! This BMW runs and drives great with only 107,064 miles on a 4.4L V8 engine with an automatic transmission! $16,900...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C37HG423284
    Stock: 20357
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,900
    good price
    $2,931 below market
    • 67,000 miles
    • 16 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Quest Auto Group (432 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Redford, MI / 432 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    WBA7F2C32HG423127 CLEAN TITLE CLEAN CARFAX Driven 67,000 miles Automatic transmission Exterior color: Blue Interior color: Brown Safety rating 16.0 M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C32HG423127
    Stock: 423127
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,500
    good price
    $1,470 below market
    • 104,629 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Picasso Imports (327 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 327 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Visit Picasso Imports online at piindy.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 3**-2**-4*** today to schedule your test drive.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7F2C58KB239641
    Stock: F3632
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-15-2025

  • $50,000
    fair price
    $421 above market
    • 44,830 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Barrington (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Barrington, IL / 183 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Black Sapphire Metallic 2021 BMW 7 Series 750i xDrive AWD, Black w/Nappa Leather Upholstery, Active Driving Assistant Delete, Active Driving Assistant...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7U2C00MCF85838
    Stock: PBR7855A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,200
    fair price
    $2,154 below market
    • 63,873 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Crain Kia of Bentonville (410 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bentonville, AR / 410 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AWDDUAL SUNROOFCLEAN CARFAX HISTORYRecent Arrival!Clean Carfax, AWD, Black Leather, 16 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS brakes, Active Cruise Contro...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7E4C52KGV28659
    Stock: AL8313A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $57,598
    fair price
    $1,531 below market
    • 27,445 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Walser Auto Campus (414 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 414 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2021 BMW 7 Series 750i xDrive, located at BMW of Wichita. Original MSRP $126,845. Mineral White Metallic with Mocha Leather interior. This 7 Series is...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA7U2C05MCE61404
    Stock: 53B1124P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 456 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 7 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 7 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars26 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 26 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (12%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (8%)
5 out of 5 stars

An excellent automobile.

Douglas M, 01/16/2020
2018 BMW 7 Series 750i xDrive 4dr Sedan AWD (4.4L 8cyl Turbo 8A)
I have owned 3 BMW's, the last two were the 750LI's and now I am looking at the 750I. I have had no major problems at all. They ride smooth and handle well. I do not like the run flats so chuck those after 10K miles. I have AAA if I have a flat, but never have. So I love this car. Biggest down side is the value drops faster than brick from the roof of your house. New one's are mainly … leased and the $50K loss in the first year can be someone else's problem. Buy a one to two old one with 8K to 15K miles with 2 plus years of warranty and you will have a winner. I drive them 4 to 5 years and just give to one of the kids, as it is still a great car. Only way to own a BMW 7 series or a Mercedes s 560. I had a Mercedes CL65 and it lived in the shop, so not going that way again. So buy a 7 series, feel like a king........
Report abuse

Used 2018 BMW 7 Series in Cedar Rapids, IA Values

Estimated values
2018 BMW 7 Series 750i 4dr Sedan (4.4L 8cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$22,483$26,154$29,189
Clean$21,748$25,271$28,173
Average$20,522$23,799$26,478
Rough$18,929$21,885$24,276

The average list price of a used 2018 BMW 7 Series in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is $31,925. The average mileage on a used BMW 7 Series 2018 for sale in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is 70,280. Based on the average mileage of 70,280 for used 2018 BMW 7 Series for sale in Cedar Rapids, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 7 Series 2018 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to be $20,522.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.