Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
842 listings
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 36,767 miles
    • 24 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Gravity Motor Cars (166 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 166 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (24 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB7KN748490
    Stock: 748490
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 44,819 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Easterns Automotive Group of Sterling / Direct Car Buying (433 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 433 miles away from Aiken, SC

    more

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB8KN714295
    Stock: 162313
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 128,611 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Mel Motors (404 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Clearwater, FL / 404 miles away from Aiken, SC

    FINANCING We have in-house financing. It's why we can finance almost everybody regardless of credit, even if you don't have a driver license or Social...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB8FN204831
    Stock: 204831
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-11-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 38,040 miles
    • 25 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • i40 Auto (190 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 190 miles away from Aiken, SC

    Silver 2021 Mercedes-Benz CLA CLA 250 FWD 7-Speed Automatic 2.0L I4 Turbocharged 18' Multi-Spoke Alloy Wheels, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8 Speakers, 8-Way ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K5J4GB7MN153832
    Stock: I153832
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

    • 139,010 miles
    • 2 accidents, 6 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Express (357 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 357 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EBXFN165207
    Stock: XFN165207
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2025

  • Photos not available
    $10,987
    great price
    $3,331 below market
    • 88,147 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Sterling Motorsport (434 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 434 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB9EN049590
    Stock: L049590
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

    • 118,158 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Top Tier Auto Corporation (435 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brice, OH / 435 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB3EN130066
    Stock: 130066
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • $29,620
    great price
    $2,183 below market
    • 21,420 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Impex Chevrolet GMC (214 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Reidsville, NC / 214 miles away from Aiken, SC

    Clean CARFAX.2022 Mercedes-Benz CLA CLA 250 4MATIC® 4MATIC® 7-Speed Automatic Black 2.0L I4 TurbochargedTHIS VEHICLE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING FEATURES A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K5J4HB3NN286135
    Stock: 2MC6135
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-06-2024

  • $10,750
    good price
    $2,272 below market
    • 104,337 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Divine Automotive Group (434 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 434 miles away from Aiken, SC

    Mercedes Benz CLA 250 4Matic 2014 with 104K miles has recently passed VA safety inspection. Backup camera, Panoramic roof, keyless entry, Blind spot a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GBXEN120490
    Stock: 20490
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • $15,950
    good price
    $2,482 below market
    • 91,051 miles
    • No accidents, 6 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Spanos Motors (312 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Daytona Beach, FL / 312 miles away from Aiken, SC

    2014 Mercedes-Benz CLA 45 AMG Premium

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ5CB7EN035408
    Stock: 14535A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-05-2025

  • $9,499
    good price
    $1,169 below market
    • 114,740 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Action Auto Sales of Wendell (234 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Wendell, NC / 234 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB7EN070456
    Stock: 070456-K68
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $44,623
    fair price
    $629 below market
    • 35,087 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Jeff Wyler Eastgate Auto Mall (400 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Batavia, OH / 400 miles away from Aiken, SC

    Only 35,087 Miles! Scores 28 Highway MPG and 20 City MPG! This Mercedes-Benz CLA delivers a Intercooled Turbo Premium Unleaded I-4 2.0 L/121 engine po...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K5J5DBXNN292932
    Stock: 11350931A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $10,721
    good price
    $1,156 below market
    • 119,843 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Silver Spring (452 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Silver Spring, MD / 452 miles away from Aiken, SC

    2014 Mercedes-Benz CLA 250 4MATIC Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX.Cosmos Black Metallic 17 5-Spoke Wheels, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8 Speakers, ABS brakes,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB1EN072670
    Stock: 5D3553A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • $13,995
    good price
    $2,285 below market
    • 71,693 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Premier Auto Group (306 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 306 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB4EN068602
    Stock: 353928
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • $9,729
    good price
    $976 below market
    • 87,956 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Netto Motors (494 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 494 miles away from Aiken, SC

    Vehicle DetailsIntroducing the sleek and sophisticated 2014 Mercedes-Benz CLA 250, a vehicle that perfectly blends luxury, performance, and style. Thi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB1EN115598
    Stock: 115598
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $9,990
    good price
    $1,526 below market
    • 118,844 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Precision Automotive Sales llc (139 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Conyers, GA / 139 miles away from Aiken, SC

    Beautiful car, very clean inside and out,Non-smoker owner, Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, Regularly maintained, Arctic cold a/c, Great first ride,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4GB3EN049875
    Stock: 049875
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • $9,800
    good price
    $1,523 below market
    • 129,726 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Adams North Charlotte (119 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 119 miles away from Aiken, SC

    ABOUT THIS VEHICLE ** Back-up Camera* * Blind Spot Monitor * Bluetooth Connection * CD Changer * Climate Control * Hard Disk Drive Media Storage * Hea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB0EN043664
    Stock: A9P-43664
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • New Listing
    $33,998
    fair price
    $591 below market
    • 9,137 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Norcross (146 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 146 miles away from Aiken, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K5J4HB7NN297509
    Stock: 27343312
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $9,499
    good price
    $945 below market
    • 113,721 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Finance Auto Sales (397 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 397 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB2EN057713
    Stock: U057713
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $40,997
    good price
    $2,665 below market
    • 38,714 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 21 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Gainesville (280 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 280 miles away from Aiken, SC

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. AMG® Night Package Plus, Auto-Dimming Rearview & Driver-Side Mirrors, HANDS-FREE ACCESS, Head-Up Display, Heated Front...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K5J5BB1NN298718
    Stock: 298718
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $11,900
    fair price
    $393 below market
    • 93,185 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • United Global Imports (152 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Cumming, GA / 152 miles away from Aiken, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDSJ4EB1EN056326
    Stock: 3235
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 379 - 399 out of 842 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (44%)
  • 4 star
    (30%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (11%)
5 out of 5 stars

Perfect car for me

Julie V., 08/18/2016
2016 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class CLA 250 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM)
Over the years I have driven a bmw, Porsche, Saab, and several infinitis, the last a g35 coupe. It was a great, fun, fast car, but also uncomfortable inside and a gas guzzler. My new mercedes cla 250 doesn't have nearly the power, and the transmission in the economy mode is clunky, but it handles nicely, gets good gas mileage (I'm averaging 26.5 in the city), and is a great looking … little car. If you turn off economy mode, the car is perkier and handles just fine. I hardly ever drive with anyone in the back seat, so its cramped nature bothers me not, especially after the coupe! At this stage in my life I don't want a big gas guzzling car, just a spiffy, well made, fun machine, and this one fits the bill. After one year I still love this car. We just returned from a 1,600 mile road trip, averaging 40 mpg! One day we even got 48. My husband, who drives a big SUV, really enjoyed the car on the highway. It is plenty peppy for passing, handles well and smoothly and is quiet. One year Another year has gone by and I’m still happy with my purchase. I should mention that I’m not that interested in the car’s technology, which I understand is sub par for a Mercedes. Also, this car is not for someone who wants speed. This is a small, unpretentious car with great handling and excellent fuel mileage....just what I want. Plus, it’s quite nice to look at. I still enjoy this car at 6 years old. It just turned over 30,000 miles and has been trouble free and pleasant to drive. I just drove it on a 1400 mile road trip, averaging 39.2 mpg! My car is now 8 years old and still a peach. Trouble free, only 36,000 miles, in great condition. I could drive it for a long time more although I am getting that new car itch….but why buy?
Report abuse

Used 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class in Aiken, SC Values

Estimated values
2019 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class CLA 250 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$12,618$14,746$16,650
Clean$12,254$14,303$16,132
Average$11,646$13,565$15,268
Rough$10,855$12,606$14,145

The average list price of a used 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class in Aiken, South Carolina is $18,853. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class 2019 for sale in Aiken, South Carolina is 83,000. Based on the average mileage of 83,000 for used 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class for sale in Aiken, SC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class 2019 in Aiken, South Carolina to be $11,646.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.