Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
291 listings
    • 93,803 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 967 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXJC452315
    Stock: 2003974589
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

    • 87,053 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 1,067 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA0JC471679
    Stock: 2003987087
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 94,520 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Chevrolet of West (113 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in West, TX / 113 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA3JC469067
    Stock: P9603A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 34,450 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 811 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXJC483404
    Stock: 27187603
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 41,465 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Garland (191 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 191 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA4LC429914
    Stock: 27621295
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 29,000 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CAR-MART of Corsicana (146 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Corsicana, TX / 146 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SAXJC443491
    Stock: 058009977
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 47,591 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Gulf Freeway DriveTime (157 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 157 miles away from Austin, TX

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA9LC446637
    Stock: 1380097887
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-16-2025

    • 104,641 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • DallasAutos4Less (192 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 192 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA6JC438198
    Stock: 438198
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 50,743 miles
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Frederick, MD / 1,310 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXGC554335
    Stock: 27498215
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 79,292 miles
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Milwaukie, OR / 1,700 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA4GC626376
    Stock: 27703710
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 94,168 miles
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MN to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn Park, MN / 1,051 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA7GC584916
    Stock: 27800235
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 44,469 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • You Drive Auto (5 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 5 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA7JC423547
    Stock: AP23807
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 69,713 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Houston Auto Credit (138 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 138 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CF6SA8LC468266
    Stock: 468266
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 70,998 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Solid Motors (193 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 193 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXJC423509
    Stock: N423509
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-03-2025

    • 65,496 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Velocity Autos (186 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 186 miles away from Austin, TX

    Introducing the vibrant 2019 Chevrolet Spark LS CVT, a zippy companion for your urban and suburban adventures that's right at home cruising through th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA8KC754628
    Stock: 192315
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

    • 82,788 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • 501 Motors (126 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Cypress, TX / 126 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA0LC445831
    Stock: 445831
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 101,688 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Future Cars (134 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 134 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA2KC821444
    Stock: 821444
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

    • 79,618 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Crypto Autos of TX (67 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 67 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CF6SAXLC468253
    Stock: 468253
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 121,690 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • M&A Dealership (127 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 127 miles away from Austin, TX

    Clean title

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA3KC702632
    Stock: 702632
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

    • 90,253 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Texas (160 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 160 miles away from Austin, TX

    Auto Boutique is proud to offer excellent, pre-owned vehicles. With our no-haggle pricing policy, you can be sure you are getting the best deal possib...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA2MC741001
    Stock: T26027
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

    • 48,821 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Austin (14 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 14 miles away from Austin, TX

    Lpo; 15" (38.1 Cm) Silver Painted Aluminum WheelsAudio System; Chevrolet Infotainment 3 System; 7" Diagonal Color Touchscreen; AM/FM Stereo.Emission...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA6MC228601
    Stock: MC228601
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 291 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Spark

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Spark
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars34 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 34 reviews
  • 5 star
    (44%)
  • 4 star
    (35%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (15%)
5 out of 5 stars

It does what it does VERY well

BobEmb, 06/29/2017
2017 Chevrolet Spark LS 4dr Hatchback (1.4L 4cyl 5M)
I've owned the car over 7 months and love it. I was looking for a good mid-sized used car but kept checking on the new little cars. I found the deal on this for under $9000 and had to go for it. I especially liked the technology package, that will connect to my smart phone using all its functionality over the display. My only concern, after doing my research, was whether I would fit … into it as I am 6'3 and over 300 lbs. With the seat all the way back, I was good. In particular, I found I had all the knee room I would need. I could take this on a long trip with no real trouble. The back seat is absolutely useless to me because I do not transport children and an adult would NEVER fit in. I removed the back seat cushions, folded the seat back down and have what I call a 'two seater wagon'. I've done a lot of transporting cargo and been surprised what it will carry. Performance is not sporty by any means, but it is always competent. Acceleration is adequate and never lacking, steering is what you would expect from a small car, transmission and clutch are fine, and the suspension handles what the road throws at it. I drive 4 miles to work and every couple of weeks go on weekend excursions, and have gotten 36.7 MPG over the past 5 months. The paint, fit, and finish is wonderful, and the styling is very nice. All these things I love about the car, but be aware of what it does NOT do. It does NOT have power seats, windows or mirrors, so get into the habit of cranking windows again. It does NOT have cruise control. It does not have remote control for the door locks but it does lock the doors automatically when driving and it will not allow you to unlock the car while the car is running - kind of odd. The hatch only opens with the key, no remote switch. With the back seat down, the floor is not flat but is low in the middle. These negatives are insignificant considering all the positives of the car. A note on the geopolitics of the car -- it is made in South Korea by what used to be Daewoo. I never expected to by a GM car after the bailout by taxpayers and I'm still not happy about supporting GM, but this car REALLY gets it done for me so I put politics behind me. I've owned this car for a year and everything I've said about the car is still true. Gas mileage is still outstanding and there have been zero problems. I really like it. Two years and 35k and the car still hums. No repairs, just standard maintenance. OK! its been what four years now? I still love the car and put about 75k with no break downs. I hit a fox on the interstate and it took out the front bumper, grill, radiator, and AC pump (Yes, a fox did all that). My commute is now 61 highway miles and I regularly get over 40 MPG over hilly terrain although I noticed that in cold weather I get 10% lower mileage. The car has performed outstandingly. No constant annoying rattles like cars this age develop, and everything still works fine. The AC is still very cold. I haven't been annoyed by the lack of power anything, and the Android Auto has been super. As far as a used car goes, it is worth far more to me than the price I could get for it 7/4/2021 So I'm still loving my car, the pandemic kept the miles down, I've only changed the oil and done regular upkeep. The engine is sounding a little throaty, and seems to have lost half a step of peppiness, which is not surprising at 89k miles. The paint still looks outstanding, the interior has held up well, I think that GM did a good thing, even as they were doing so many crazy things during their 2008 crash 5 year anniversary. Just turned 97k miles and it is still rock solid in every way. Driving on open highways 60 miles to and from work, I'm still getting 39.2 MPG. No mechanical issues, I got my share of dings and wear, but when I shine it up is looks new. I still wish I had Cruise Control and remote control door locks, but considering how perfectly it has been working. I'm pleased to take it everywhere I go! 7/6/22 Still loving my car, it is beginning to show signs of wear, which is to be expected for 111k miles. Finish is still fine except where my son backed into it. Mileage is 40.1 MPG on all highway, I'm starting to hear some squeaks coming from the engine, and the AC need service. Interior and gauges are fine, and Android Auto is doing what it does. Still believe that this has been a fine commuter vehicle with added value as a 'wagon'.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Chevrolet Spark in Austin, TX Values

Estimated values
2018 Chevrolet Spark 1LT 4dr Hatchback (1.4L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$6,785$9,673$12,051
Clean$6,500$9,258$11,524
Average$6,023$8,565$10,645
Rough$5,404$7,665$9,503

The average list price of a used 2018 Chevrolet Spark in Austin, Texas is $11,272. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Spark 2018 for sale in Austin, Texas is 72,965. Based on the average mileage of 72,965 for used 2018 Chevrolet Spark for sale in Austin, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Spark 2018 in Austin, Texas to be $6,023.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.