Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
432 listings
  • New Listing
    • 76,500 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,681 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHH8JB5GB316654
    Stock: 2003732422
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

    • 60,408 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 882 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF5KB0GB224726
    Stock: 2003744059
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 38,901 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 2,335 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDKJ6HB1GF323467
    Stock: 27059877
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 59,112 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Real Deal Cars (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Everett, WA / 8 miles away from Bothell, WA

    3 Month - 3,000 Miles Warranty Clean Title - Local WA Car 59K Low Miles Only Immaculate Condition in/out Just traded in ALL TRADES ARE WELCOME FI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF8JB1GB193537
    Stock: 193537
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-14-2025

    • 69,285 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,681 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF8JB0GB183128
    Stock: 2003863029
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

    • 57,329 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,681 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF5KB0GB302776
    Stock: 2003848473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

    • 49,713 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 2,339 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF8JB4GB269168
    Stock: 27273725
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 39,802 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to WA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kennesaw, GA / 2,156 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF5KB0GB265809
    Stock: 27471047
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 66,857 miles
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Gilbert, AZ / 1,140 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF8JB9GB291635
    Stock: 27426537
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 48,648 miles
    • 3 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, TX / 1,889 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF8JB7GB252641
    Stock: 27293256
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 33,245 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,963 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDKK6FF0GF319834
    Stock: 2003710718
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

    • 55,669 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 2,317 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF8JB2GB281996
    Stock: 27273937
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 73,135 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to WA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 2,317 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDKJ6FB5GF316265
    Stock: 27518564
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 65,359 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MS to WA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Jackson, MS / 1,980 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDKJ6FB8GF315580
    Stock: 27074280
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 119,284 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Northwest Premier Auto Sales (181 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kennewick, WA / 181 miles away from Bothell, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF8JB9EA825087
    Stock: 825087A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 52,869 miles
    • 20 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AL to WA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 2,083 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF5KB0GB197799
    Stock: 26163928
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 54,347 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to WA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 767 miles away from Bothell, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDKJ6FB8GF350314
    Stock: 27477712
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 124,655 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 42 Hwy MPG
    • Northwest Premier Auto Sales (181 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Kennewick, WA / 181 miles away from Bothell, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (28 City/42 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF0EB0EA985984
    Stock: 985984
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 52,446 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • D&C Motor Company (167 mi away)
    • Heated Seats
    • Panorama Sunroof
    • Backup Camera
    • Apple CarPlay
    • Blind Spot Assist
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 167 miles away from Bothell, WA

    Simply Drive Home. Recent Arrival! 20/27 City/Highway MPG Odometer is 6754 miles below market average!Active Parking Assist, Backup Camera, Blind Sp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF6GB0JA400299
    Stock: TR000299
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,080 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,963 miles away from Bothell, WA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF7GB6GB219437
    Stock: 2003832073
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 75,378 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Paradise Auto Sales (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Kennewick, WA / 182 miles away from Bothell, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDHF5KB7EA871935
    Stock: 11437
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 432 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz E-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz E-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars49 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 49 reviews
  • 5 star
    (71%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
5 out of 5 stars

Very Happy Indeed

Don, 09/21/2018
2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 350 Sport 4MATIC 4dr Sedan AWD (3.5L 6cyl 7A)
The performance of the car, from my expectations, is spot on. In Eco mode, I find myself driving the car with patience and purpose. If I need a little more, it's there. In Sport mode, it's a completely different car. Dr. Jekyll, meet Mr. Hyde. The response never lets me down. In sport mode, the car begs to be driven differently. So I oblige. My only performance related mark that is not … "great" is shifting, and that is really only a concern when I want to use the paddle shifters. If I leave it in full auto, it's as responsive as I want it to be, when I want it to respond. When I use the paddle shifters, it doesn't change gears nearly as quickly as I want it to, which is due to not having a dual clutch. The response time using the paddles has the feel of talking on the phone with an echo. It makes you just a little less sure about when to shift, because you need to account for the delay. As far as comfort is concerned, I commute 3-4 hours a day, and I don't mind doing it in this car. My kids have mentioned that the rear seats are not as comfortable as my previous sedan, however. The interior of the vehicle is simple elegance. I drove the Audi and the BMW, and four main factors pushed Mercedes way above those others. First, the interior; the Audi feels stale inside, plastic and simple. The BMW is cluttered with features, which get in the way of what you want to do with the car (drive it). The Mercedes has what you need, with quality and style. Second, the performance; the Audi felt like it was trying too hard, as if pushing it could break it. Getting close to the red line felt like you were about to break the law. The BMW felt bulky (thank the fact that the 5 series is based off the 7 series), like the fenders were in the way. And under lateral load, the weight shift was dramatic. The Mercedes grabs your attention and keeps it. Getting close to the red line feels like your riding a thoroughbred that is itching for the gate to open as it grabs the next gear with enthusiasm and reaching for that line again. The only negative mark for the performance of the Mercedes is that there is a bit of an under-steer. Now, if I could only bolt on that twin turbo for the 3.0 liter to this 3.5... that would be insane. Third, the style; the Audi felt very small, and the Volkswagen influence is obvious. I couldn't get that relationship out of my way. The Audi looks and feels like an upgraded Volkswagen, because it is, and when you know that, it is like a bad smell in the room. You can't away from it. The BMW looks beautiful, and sleek, for sure. But once you get inside, and you see just how big the fenders are from the drivers seat, when you get back outside, the stance of the car changes. It's bigger than it needs to be. Like someone who is wearing a shirt one size too small. The Mercedes removes all of these issues. There is no outside influence for the Mercedes, so forget about having any Volkswagen influences. And the lines of the vehicle are clean, cut and elegant. There is no bulkiness to the Mercedes at all. It doesn't sit too high, or too low. It's not in your way, it is the way. And finally, the cost of ownership. The Audi is overpriced, and the extending the warranty doesn't come close to the timelines that Mercedes offers for the price. The BMW price is fair, but extending the warranty to match what Mercedes offers costs twice as much. Which tells you a lot. If the extended warranty costs a lot, it's because they get a lot of warranty related issues, plain and simple. If the car didn't need a lot of repairs, on average, the cost of the warranty would not be so high. I paid $3200 to extend my Mercedes warranty to 2022 with unlimited miles. BMW wanted $6800 for the same warranty.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class in Bothell, WA Values

Estimated values
2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 350 Sport 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$12,631$16,089$18,548
Clean$12,126$15,416$17,736
Average$11,285$14,292$16,382
Rough$10,192$12,832$14,622

The average list price of a used 2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class in Bothell, Washington is $23,410. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz E-Class 2016 for sale in Bothell, Washington is 62,906. Based on the average mileage of 62,906 for used 2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class for sale in Bothell, WA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz E-Class 2016 in Bothell, Washington to be $11,285.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.