Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,464 listings
    • 157,330 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Finance Center (454 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Matthews, NC / 454 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX5E5081403
    Stock: LEX081403
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-09-2024

    • 143,782 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Tri City Auto Mart (384 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 384 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX1E5087775
    Stock: 087775
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2024

  • Photos not available
    • 143,128 miles
    • Rebuilt vehicle reported, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • 8 Stars Motor (492 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 492 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX7E5070127
    Stock: 070127
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-24-2024

    • 40,942 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (485 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 485 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Black 2021 Lexus GX 460 4WD 6-Speed Automatic with Sequential Shift ECT 4.6L V8 DOHC Dual VVT-i 32VRecent Arrival! Odometer is 12813 miles below mar...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJAM7BX4M5289496
    Stock: PT289496
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 67,373 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Chattanooga (211 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 211 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX0E5071700
    Stock: 071700LP
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,999
    great price
    $3,703 below market
    • 60,320 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Kingsport (393 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kingsport, TN / 393 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX4K5213904
    Stock: SB415844A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 82,145 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Jim Hudson Lexus of Augusta (365 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Augusta, GA / 365 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Recent Arrival! Odometer is 3688 miles below market average!Dual Front & Rear Auto Air Conditioner, Front & Rear Heated Seats, Intuitive Parking Assis...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX1J5204933
    Stock: L35360A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $40,000
    great price
    $5,736 below market
    • 59,656 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton Fiat of Indianapolis (462 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 462 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Starfire Pearl 2021 Lexus GX 4D Sport Utility 460 4.6L V8 DOHC Dual VVT-i 32V 4WD2nd Row Captain's Chairs, Dual ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJAM7BX4M5304529
    Stock: TRS2947
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

    • 179,882 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • American Auto Centers (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 482 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX6E5075122
    Stock: 075122
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,800
    great price
    $2,612 below market
    • 144,729 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • VC Cars Gwinnett (246 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Duluth, GA / 246 miles away from Columbus, MS

    ***PLEASE CALL US FOR A FREE CARFAX REPORT AT 678-869-1900 *** Extended warranty coverage is available for all vehicles upon request. Pricing is dete...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX5B5031771
    Stock: B031771
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 73,938 miles
    • 6 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • United Auto Group (489 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 489 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Visit United Auto Group online at uagdallas.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 469-766-1034 today to schedule your test drive.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJAM7BX4L5264631
    Stock: 5771
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 144,767 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Northside Lexus (475 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 475 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Premium 'turn-by-turn' navigation system included. A perfect cold weather 2013 GX 460 featuring heated seats. A backup camera makes all the differen...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FXXD5059394
    Stock: A10970
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $34,370
    great price
    $3,982 below market
    • 57,576 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Bill Estes Toyota (461 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 461 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX1K5228828
    Stock: BTI250875A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

    • 168,537 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • MABS Auto Group (485 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 485 miles away from Columbus, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX7D5061362
    Stock: 061362
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

    • 151,200 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Sewell Lexus of Dallas (490 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 490 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Sewell Lexus of Dallas proudly offers this 2019 Lexus GX 460 4x4 that has been professionally inspected by one of our Sewell technicians. This well-eq...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX1K5215458
    Stock: 452709B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • 43,760 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Park Place Lexus Plano (487 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 487 miles away from Columbus, MS

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGM7BX3M5300630
    Stock: PLDS210761
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

    • 67,148 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 657 miles away from Columbus, MS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FXXK5223168
    Stock: 2003700237
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $43,446
    great price
    $3,058 below market
    • 33,988 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Jeff Wyler Honda Auto Mall (352 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 352 miles away from Columbus, MS

    4WD/AWD, XM Radio, Bluetooth, Dual climate Control, Heated Leather Seats, Navigation, Power Sun Roof, Push Button Start, Backup Camera, Third Row Seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGM7BX3M5271470
    Stock: 34T3788
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $41,800
    great price
    $3,282 below market
    • 60,901 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Automaxx of the Carolinas (477 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Summerville, SC / 477 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Certified.Certification Program Details: 3 month/3000 Miles Certified Warranty2021 Lexus GX 460 4WDCurrent Odometer 60901, *Certified Pre-Owned 3 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJAM7BX4M5276473
    Stock: F23079
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,950
    great price
    $5,547 below market
    • 47,299 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wesley Chapel, FL / 515 miles away from Columbus, MS

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Satellite Radio...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX8K5227143
    Stock: M227143A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 68,229 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Houston Greenway (489 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 489 miles away from Columbus, MS

    Sport Design PackageMark Levinson Surround Sound SystemPanoramic View & Multi-Terrain MonitorsSun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJGM7BX6M5282057
    Stock: M5282057
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

Showing 442 - 462 out of 1,464 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus GX 460

Read recent reviews for the Lexus GX 460
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars31 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 31 reviews
  • 5 star
    (77%)
  • 4 star
    (6%)
  • 3 star
    (10%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

Love this SUV

Julia, 06/07/2016
2016 Lexus GX 460 Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (4.6L 8cyl 6A)
This is my second GX. My first was a 2012. I am always surprised by the expert reviews of this SUV. I have driven a Subaru outback, a Volvo XC70, a Toyota highlander and a Chevy Suburban and none of them can come close to the performance of the GX in the snow. I live in Wisconsin and missing a workday due to snow is not an option for me. I have been on the interstate in three … blizzards this winter alone and the GX is solid on the road. The gas milage well outperforms stated (22-23) and in a SUV with true 4 wheel drive capability I am pleased. Unlike my husband's suburban, and my neighbors Mercedes and BMW, my 2012 GX has had no mechanical issues, even minor, ever! I traded only for new tech options and safety features and because my neighbor wanted to buy my 2012. I wonder if the reviewers have ever really driven in snow... because the is no better SUV in my mind. My teenagers often use the third row and have never complained. The way the back door swings open, even when parallel parked has never been an issue. The blind spot is huge and the addition of the blind spot monitor will be welcome, I did not have it on my 2012. Update: I have now had my GX for about 6 months and put just over 5000 miles on. I am getting used to the adaptive cruise but I wish I could turn it off if needed. The brake assist has prevented an accident when another car pulled in front of me. Compared to my previous 2012 the touchscreen is more difficult to deal with and at times doesn't register my touch (I am due for maintenance and this may just need an update). The most annoying feature is the front camera that comes on at every stoplight and stop sign. When the camera comes on it interrupts any phone call I am trying to make or any commands that I am verbally giving the navigation system, very annoying! On snow the SUV remains amazing and I have driven a subaru, Volvo, highlander and suburban through Wisconsin winters and this SUV is by far superior. Would still highly recommend and would purchase again despite the annoying tech issues.
Report abuse

Used 2014 Lexus GX 460 in Columbus, MS Values

Estimated values
2014 Lexus GX 460 4dr SUV 4WD (4.6L 8cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$18,100$23,106$26,249
Clean$17,373$22,075$24,963
Average$16,160$20,355$22,820
Rough$14,584$18,120$20,034

The average list price of a used 2014 Lexus GX 460 in Columbus, Mississippi is $32,505. The average mileage on a used Lexus GX 460 2014 for sale in Columbus, Mississippi is 95,078. Based on the average mileage of 95,078 for used 2014 Lexus GX 460 for sale in Columbus, MS and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus GX 460 2014 in Columbus, Mississippi to be $16,160.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.