Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
584 listings
    • 113,563 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • DFW Auto & Services (259 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 259 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    We are Open Monday through Saturday 9 am to 7 pm and on Sunday closed ! We are located at 6801 Randol Mill Rd., Fort Worth Texas 76120 . Please call b...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A23DLA22401
    Stock: A22401
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 101,662 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carz USA (252 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 252 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    Introducing the exquisite 2013 Porsche Cayenne S in Classic Silver Metallic with a sleek Black interior. This luxury SUV is powered by a formidable 4....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A23DLA85784
    Stock: 10040
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

    • 74,447 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Luna Car Center (266 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 266 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A22CLA04940
    Stock: LCC15005
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 96,099 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Luna Car Center (266 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 266 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A27GKA15427
    Stock: LCC15453
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 109,871 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • MGM Auto (260 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 260 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AD2A26ELA71924
    Stock: A71924
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-24-2025

    • 190,273 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Top Motors (242 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 242 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    Super clean 2013 Porsche Cayenne, 3.0L , runs and drives great, no mechanical problem, All good tires, No leak or smoke from the engine, Ac cold, No...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2A28DLA26864
    Stock: A26864
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2025

    • 124,275 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Park Dallas (262 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Lewisville, TX / 262 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    2014 Porsche Cayenne Turbo S // Jet Black Metallic // Black Leather // Nearly $160k MSRP // Sold by AutoPark Dallas There s just something about this ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A2XELA87241
    Stock: 2888
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

    • 73,529 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • DN Motor Cars (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 84 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    Please Note: We do not offer shipping services due to liability concerns. All vehicle purchases require in-person pickup or shipping arrangements made...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A28DLA92436
    Stock: DNA92436
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 83,500 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Planet Ford (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 79 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    Get it while it's hot! This 2017 Cayenne's sunroof is the perfect way to accent a road trip. A backup camera makes all the difference when parallel ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A21HKA84809
    Stock: P29340B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2025

    • 133,285 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Heritage Auto of San Antonio (272 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 272 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AE2A23CLA93776
    Stock: HA93776
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,995
    good price
    $3,149 below market
    • 82,529 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Hoover Toyota (483 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 483 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A29HLA52648
    Stock: THLA52648
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,990
    good price
    $2,439 below market
    • 105,223 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Baton Rouge (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 184 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A27HLA53541
    Stock: 25A333A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

    • 98,646 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Cedar Park Nissan (222 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cedar Park, TX / 222 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    Black exterior and Black interior, Cayenne trim. FUEL EFFICIENT 24 MPG Hwy/18 MPG City! Leather, Nav System, Power Liftgate, iPod/MP3 Input, Aluminum ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A27HKA81879
    Stock: HKA81879
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • $16,875
    fair price
    $2,108 below market
    • 97,083 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Hoover Southtown (485 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 485 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    We have a skilled and knowledgeable sales staff with many years of experience satisfying our customers needs. We'd be happy to answer any questions t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A29FLA56356
    Stock: A56356
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,995
    fair price
    $1,593 below market
    • 111,658 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Fort City Motors - AR (367 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Smith, AR / 367 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A23FLA56756
    Stock: A56756
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,810
    good price
    $1,076 below market
    • 94,765 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Step One Ford Crestview (452 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Crestview, FL / 452 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    CLEAN CARFAX NO ACCIDENTS, Black w/Leather Seat Trim, 8-way Power Sport Seats w/Memory Package, ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, DVD-Audio, Electronic Stabil...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A27HKA87892
    Stock: THKA87892
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2025

    • 151,990 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • MK Autos (253 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 253 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    For Sale: 2013 Porsche Cayenne Sport Utility 4DPrice: $7,499Mileage: 151,990 milesExterior Color: BeigeInterior Color: BeigeEngine: 3.6L V6 DOHC 24VTr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A2XDLA00765
    Stock: 98765
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,999
    good price
    $1,112 below market
    • 130,000 miles
    • 3 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Southside Automotive Group (490 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 490 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A28DLA06757
    Stock: A06757
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

    • 88,154 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Texas Auto Corporation (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 90 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    Please contact us at : (8**) 9**-7*** Our clients have high expectations for their vehicles, and equally high expectations about the dealership profes...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A27FLA82838
    Stock: A82838
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • 121,489 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Westside Lexus (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 91 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AB2A25FLA61005
    Stock: W40563A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $29,990
    fair price
    $222 above market
    • 68,051 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,078 miles away from Beaumont, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AC2A27DLA93156
    Stock: 2003977942
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 584 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Porsche Cayenne

Read recent reviews for the Porsche Cayenne
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars24 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 24 reviews
  • 5 star
    (79%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

An SUV that thinks it's a sports car...

DrBillyD, 12/22/2015
2014 Porsche Cayenne Turbo S 4dr SUV AWD (4.8L 8cyl Turbo 8A)
Previous vehicle was a MB GL550. Cayenne obviously much more sporty. Ride on stock 21" wheels/tires pretty stiff, even with diminished tire pressure. I sprang for 19" winter wheels/tires (Blizzaks) and ride much smoother. Acceleration, braking, handling are all insane--hard to believe you're driving a 2.5 ton SUV. What's not to like? Not much. Rear visibility stinks (but Lane … Change Assist is nice). Ambient interior lighting OK for city but need to turn off on lonely highway at night. Seat memory function on key kind of finicky--need to insert key, wait for seat to adjust, then start, otherwise seat will stop adjusting when you turn ignition. Girlfriend complains about difficulty getting out but when I help her exit I get a nice view, and get to act like a gentleman in the process. Fuel economy stinks, if it's anything like the GL550, it's gonna eat tires every 20K or so and I'm sure repair bills will be breathtaking. If you get a Porsche and then complain about things like that, well, might be time to trade it in. Update: Took a 2000 mile road trip and performed well. Nice cruiser when suspension set to "comfort" mode. On a long highway cruise with speedo set @ 78mph, got 22 MPG. Could use more storage/cupholders in the center console and less switches. Some of the metallic trim on the dash, vent covers, etc. can reflect sunlight and be irritating. Wish the sun visor extended so that when it's moved to cover the driver side window there wasn't a 2" gap that the sun *always* seems to find. Minor issues but other manufacturers have figured out ergonomics. Update: Just turned 30K. Changed spark plugs, cabin & engine air filters, and transfer case fluid myself. Have not had any transfer case issues. Installed secondary cat bypasses... nice sound! Summer tires replaced at about 18K, with Michelin, didn't like OEM PZeroes. No issues & still running like a champ.
Report abuse

Used 2013 Porsche Cayenne in Beaumont, TX Values

Estimated values
2013 Porsche Cayenne Diesel 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbodiesel 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,494$9,824$10,636
Clean$8,118$9,336$10,051
Average$7,493$8,523$9,077
Rough$6,680$7,465$7,810

The average list price of a used 2013 Porsche Cayenne in Beaumont, Texas is $19,260. The average mileage on a used Porsche Cayenne 2013 for sale in Beaumont, Texas is 107,147. Based on the average mileage of 107,147 for used 2013 Porsche Cayenne for sale in Beaumont, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Porsche Cayenne 2013 in Beaumont, Texas to be $7,493.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.