Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
768 listings
    • 210,719 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Marys Auto Sales (13 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 13 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCAE0XCR215097
    Stock: 215097
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2024

  • New Listing
    • 100,863 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 635 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCBE00ER243970
    Stock: 2003817499
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 76,460 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Nissan Tempe (6 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tempe, AZ / 6 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Sun; Entertainment And Destinations PackageWheels; 22" (55.9 Cm) Premium PaintedEntertainment System; Rear Seat; Blu-Ray/DvdSunroof; Power; Tilt-Sl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKCKC4GR416139
    Stock: GR416139
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $8,488
    fair price
    $1,069 below market
    • 206,654 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Arizona Motors Snowflake (129 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Snowflake, AZ / 129 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCBE02BR203210
    Stock: C1156C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • $17,000
    fair price
    $1,037 below market
    • 133,279 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Baba's Motorsports (13 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 13 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    We are happy that you would think of Baba's Motorsports LLC when considering your next vehicle purchase. Baba's Motorsports LLC has been building a re...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCBKC3FR304034
    Stock: 304034
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,849
    fair price
    $912 below market
    • 156,607 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Father and Sons Auto Sales (12 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 12 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCAKC8FR168963
    Stock: 168963A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,777
    fair price
    $1,492 below market
    • 97,766 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Sullivan Motor Company (4 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 4 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCBKCXFR278371
    Stock: 25-1390
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • $8,727
    fair price
    $570 below market
    • 191,794 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Billings, MT / 872 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Entertainment System,Heated Seats,Leather Seats,N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCCE03BR171311
    Stock: 53492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $7,995
    fair price
    $1,365 below market
    • 213,971 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Del Coronado Motors (12 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 12 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Your approval is our priority!-Easy Financing-Online credit app-warranty available on all vehicles-good credit or bad credit-first time buyer-repos-ba...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCBE02BR266503
    Stock: 266503
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • $19,995
    fair price
    $300 below market
    • 71,574 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Lalo's Auto Sales (7 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 7 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    One OWNER! Free CARFAX Vehicle History Reports !Advertised Price is Pre-Discounted Cash Sale Price !!Financing Available At Regular Sales Price !!Plea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCAKC1FR292279
    Stock: 5635
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-04-2025

  • $11,991
    fair price
    $1,572 below market
    • 64,234 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Loren Automotive Group (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 21 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Loren Automotive Group - 2009 Chevrolet Tahoe 4x4 | Only 64K Miles | Built Right with Texas Speed UpgradesThis low-mileage 2009 Chevrolet Tahoe 4x4 co...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNFK13049R180069
    Stock: B-180069
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $20,848
    good price
    $2,477 below market
    • 115,185 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Findlay Toyota Flagstaff (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Flagstaff, AZ / 126 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKBKC7FR295857
    Stock: T12762A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-08-2025

  • $25,999
    good price
    $1,615 below market
    • 111,100 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Auto House (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 5 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    ***CLEAN CARFAX HISTORY, 4x4, SUN-ENTERTAINMENT-& DESTINATION PKG, PREFERRED EQUIPMENT GROUP, ENHANCED DRIVER ALERT PKG, MAGNETIC RIDE CONTROL SUSPENS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKCKCXHR326527
    Stock: CSA326527
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • New Listing
    $26,990
    fair price
    $108 below market
    • 101,964 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Phoenix (12 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 12 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCBKC9HR192472
    Stock: 2003729778
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • $20,799
    fair price
    $248 below market
    • 132,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Desert West Auto Sales (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 12 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Go to : www.desertwestautosales.com99% APPROVALWe Guarantee It! No matter your financial situation, you will drive off the lot in a new car, today.PHO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKCKC5FR143341
    Stock: 143341
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-05-2024

  • $12,500
    fair price
    $381 above market
    • 131,717 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Automarcos (7 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 7 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    2011 CHEVY TAHOE 5.3L V8 4X4 CLEAN TITLE, WITH 131K MILES ON IT, GRAY INTERIOR, POWER WINDOWS, LOCKS, AND MIRRORS, CRUISE CONTROL, RUNNING BOARDS, TRA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKAE09BR319596
    Stock: 10931
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • $18,700
    fair price
    $628 above market
    • 135,383 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Prescott Honda (87 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Prescott, AZ / 87 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCAKC3HR126445
    Stock: U26445
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • $18,995
    fair price
    $700 below market
    • 149,617 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Buy Right Auto Sales #2 (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 13 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    100% APPROVAL RATINGS ???????????? CALL 6**-6**-0***?? ?? ?? ?? ???????????????????????? NAVIGATION?? BLUETOOTH?? SUNROOF?? WE GET EVERYONE APPROVED ?...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKCKC9FR231809
    Stock: 231809
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • $18,999
    fair price
    $257 above market
    • 142,952 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • MVM Automotive (104 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 104 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKBKCXFR211739
    Stock: FR211739
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • $17,600
    fair price
    $679 below market
    • 129,812 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driven Auto (95 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 95 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSCBKCXFR607490
    Stock: 607490
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2025

  • $18,756
    fair price
    $518 above market
    • 120,936 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Anderson Chevrolet (174 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Kingman, AZ / 174 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    This 2015 Chevrolet Suburban LS 4WD, finished in Brownstone Metallic over a Jet Black cloth interior, is powered by a robust 5.3L V8 Ecotec3 engine ma...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNSKAKC1FR581407
    Stock: 254176B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 768 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Tahoe

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Tahoe
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (70%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

Best Tahoe ever!

frankm58, 02/01/2012
2011 Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4dr SUV (5.3L 8cyl 6A)
After a short test drive we were sold! so we sold our 2005 Tahoe (older body style) for a new one, after owning our older one for 6 years with no problems, we (Wife and myself) decided it was time for a new one since our 2005 was so reliable. We noticed how much quieter and smoother the ride was one the 2011 and noticeable 45 hp increase for better towing. Although the 2011 offers only … 3 MPG HWY better we still got our money's worth and filling the empty space in our garage with a small SUV compared to a full size Tahoe with all its features was well worth the sacrifice especially since we drive it locally anyway. In this price range, there is nothing compared to the Tahoe!
Report abuse

Used 2012 Chevrolet Tahoe in Tempe, AZ Values

Estimated values
2012 Chevrolet Tahoe LS 4dr SUV (5.3L 8cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$6,539$9,922$11,868
Clean$6,247$9,429$11,220
Average$5,761$8,608$10,141
Rough$5,129$7,540$8,738

The average list price of a used 2012 Chevrolet Tahoe in Tempe, Arizona is $17,838. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Tahoe 2012 for sale in Tempe, Arizona is 133,076. Based on the average mileage of 133,076 for used 2012 Chevrolet Tahoe for sale in Tempe, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Tahoe 2012 in Tempe, Arizona to be $5,761.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.