Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
609 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 91,148 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Volvo Cars Fredericksburg (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 57 miles away from Lanham, MD

    Backup Camera, Bluetooth, 2 Keys, Keyless Ignition, Push Button Start, 4D Sport Utility, AWD, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS brakes, Brake assist, Dual fron...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBBYXG0119405
    Stock: 95121W
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

    • 96,217 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 1,329 miles away from Lanham, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB2CA1E0447023
    Stock: 27194167
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 179,487 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Elite Autos (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 60 miles away from Lanham, MD

    2014 Mazda CX-9 Touring AWD Bluetooth Backup Camera Touring trim, Alloy Wheels Leather seats, power window and locks Backup camera, Bluetooth, Navigat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB3CV7E0446645
    Stock: 446645
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-08-2025

    • 76,660 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Richmond (99 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 99 miles away from Lanham, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCYXG0100920
    Stock: 2003696718
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

    • 88,815 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • 95 Motors (37 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dumfries, VA / 37 miles away from Lanham, MD

    It is the consumer's sole responsibility to verify the existence and condition of any equipment listed. 95 MOTORS is not responsible for misprints on ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY7G0123665
    Stock: NTY1999
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 88,683 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Rauls Auto Sales (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Harrisburg, PA / 90 miles away from Lanham, MD

    Guaranteed Credit Approval! WE FINANCE!!! Good Credit/ Bad Credit/ No Credit - ALL Trade-Ins Welcomed!!! ***Guaranteed Credit Approval*** APPLY ONLINE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB3MA2A0200902
    Stock: 13052
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • $5,981
    great price
    $2,304 below market
    • 142,851 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • H&R Auto (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Arlington, VA / 14 miles away from Lanham, MD

    CARFAX CERTIFIED WITH 27 SERVICE RECORD, NEW OIL CHANGE, NEW VA INSPECTION AND PRICED TO SELL $5981=$495 PROCESSING FEE = $ 6476 CASH PRICE...... PLEA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB38A990177897
    Stock: H64300
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 149,498 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Epic Motor Company (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 33 miles away from Lanham, MD

    At Epic Motor Company, we ensure the quality of our vehicles through a comprehensive multi-point inspection before they undergo the Virginia State Saf...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDYXG0109387
    Stock: 109387
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $7,999
    fair price
    $162 below market
    • 130,940 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Aren Auto Group (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 33 miles away from Lanham, MD

    2009 Mazda CX 9 NO ACCIDENTS 20 service records looks and runs great very clean well maintained the interior and exterior looks great . Power doors wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB38A890178121
    Stock: 178121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $11,612
    fair price
    $1,282 above market
    • 121,468 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Dealer Network Trade (24 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Springfield, VA / 24 miles away from Lanham, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB2CV9F0460669
    Stock: 3774A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-22-2025

    • 125,254 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Shell Motors (33 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 33 miles away from Lanham, MD

    *~*Maroon*~*One-Owner*~*Carfax Certified*~*VA Inspected*~*Fully Detailed*~*Serviced*~*Shell Motors of Chantilly, VA presents this 2009 Mazda CX-9 Tour...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB28A890173396
    Stock: 173396
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

    • 106,520 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 1,318 miles away from Lanham, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB2CA2F0469405
    Stock: 27480842
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 103,777 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,385 miles away from Lanham, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB2CA4F0467641
    Stock: 26901938
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Ourisman Lexus of Rockville (19 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Rockville, MD / 19 miles away from Lanham, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY3H0133451
    Stock: 133451
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,020
    great price
    $2,629 below market
    • 54,254 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Old Bridge, NJ / 166 miles away from Lanham, MD

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Sea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY4G0122894
    Stock: SM729969TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 103,659 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,239 miles away from Lanham, MD

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Navigatio...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY6G0124015
    Stock: G0124015A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,995
    good price
    $1,259 below market
    • 105,830 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Buying Service (22 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 22 miles away from Lanham, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCACYXJ0219195
    Stock: ABS8274
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,353
    good price
    $1,000 below market
    • 40,066 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 2,349 miles away from Lanham, MD

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCADY8G0105865
    Stock: G0105865DW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $18,734
    fair price
    $354 below market
    • 79,316 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Mazda (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 89 miles away from Lanham, MD

    Odometer is 16754 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX.2016 Mazda CX-9 Signature 2.5L 4-Cylinder AWD 6-Speed Automatic Machine Gray MetallicFor be...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY3G0104630
    Stock: MM503101
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • $6,999
    fair price
    $304 above market
    • 138,701 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Cars of Rockville (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Rockville, MD / 18 miles away from Lanham, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TB38A880143190
    Stock: 143190
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,998
    fair price
    $657 above market
    • 63,141 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MD*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Jose, CA / 2,425 miles away from Lanham, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY2G0112687
    Stock: 27236575
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 609 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-9

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-9
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (62%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great Find!

gr8sail, 01/26/2012
2012 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (3.7L 6cyl 6A)
I needed to consolidate cars. My 13 year old 4Runner died and while I absolutely loved my Infiniti M45 Sport, I decided 3 cars ('99 MX5 Miata 10th Anniversary edition) was one too many. I wanted the cargo ccapacity of the 4Runner and the handling of the M45. I got both in the CX9 Grand Touring. This car is great! Terrific handling, good acceleration (it's not the M45) and enough high … end features and gadgets to keep me happy. Mazda understands the importance of good ergonomics. The dash and controls are laid out well. The leather seats are very comfortable. There is plenty of room, front and back, ingress and egress is easy. A perfect combination of performance and functionality
Report abuse

Used 2016 Mazda CX-9 in Lanham, MD Values

Estimated values
2016 Mazda CX-9 Sport 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,084$11,906$14,597
Clean$7,736$11,376$13,928
Average$7,155$10,494$12,813
Rough$6,400$9,346$11,363

The average list price of a used 2016 Mazda CX-9 in Lanham, Maryland is $13,614. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-9 2016 for sale in Lanham, Maryland is 99,347. Based on the average mileage of 99,347 for used 2016 Mazda CX-9 for sale in Lanham, MD and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-9 2016 in Lanham, Maryland to be $7,155.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.