Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
371 listings
  • Photos not available
    $63,403
    good price
    $2,276 below market
    • 36,823 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Huston Cadillac (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lake Wales, FL / 57 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL4MR490681
    Stock: 205284A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $35,250
    good price
    $1,674 below market
    • 66,573 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Gravity Autos Hollywood (169 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hollywood, FL / 169 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    LOADED PREMIUM! INCLUDES POWER RETRACTABLE ASSIST STEPS, ALL-WEATHER FLOOR MATS (LPO), 22" X 9" (55.9 CM X 22.9 CM) 12 SPOKE ALLOY W/POLISHED FINISH W...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKJ9KR224937
    Stock: 224937
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • $63,591
    fair price
    $1,766 above market
    • 63,553 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chevrolet Airport (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 95 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Lpo; Onyx PackageLpo; 22" (55.9 Cm) 12-Spoke Gloss Black Alloy WheelsRear Seat Entertainment SystemCrystal White TricoatPanoramic RoofLeather Sea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4NKL9MR206916
    Stock: MR206916
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • Appraise
    my car

    Get the Edmunds appraisal report and a no-obligation offer for your car

    See my car’s value
  • Price Drop
    • 33,834 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Williamson Cadillac (179 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 179 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Clean CARFAX. Certified. **CLEAN CARFAX**, **1 OWNER CLEAN CARFAX, **NAVIGATION**, **SUNROOF / MOONROOF**, **FACTORY CERTIFIED**, Fully Detailed, Cadi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKL4PR160160
    Stock: 160160PT
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $26,988
    fair price
    $746 below market
    • 116,500 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Ritchey Buick GMC (146 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Daytona Beach, FL / 146 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ1KR168370
    Stock: 205109B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • $36,495
    fair price
    $700 below market
    • 79,245 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Reed Nissan of Clermont (86 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clermont, FL / 86 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKJ6KR336592
    Stock: P336592
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 12,636 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Bomnin Chevrolet Dadeland (178 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 178 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Odometer is 1912 miles below market average! 2024 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury in Black Raven vehicle highlights include, **ONE OWNER**, **STILL UNDER...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKL8RR219689
    Stock: R193095A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • $68,998
    fair price
    $1,144 below market
    • 52,288 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Ebenzz Motors (146 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jupiter, FL / 146 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Introducing the 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum, a pinnacle of luxury and performance in the full-size SUV segment. Under the hood, this maj...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL2MR373013
    Stock: S-29209
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 72,644 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 865 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ8KR109395
    Stock: 2003636194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $43,500
    fair price
    $797 below market
    • 162,813 miles
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller (159 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Coconut Creek, FL / 159 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    This vehicle is located at Gastonia, NC Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn more.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKL6MR386853
    Stock: 50902225
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 46,717 miles
    • Salvage reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • AE Of Miami (175 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 175 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    As -Is, Salvage title, Airbags Deployed, no trades, No financing, Located in Miami, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3RKL5MR312788
    Stock: 312788
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 41,243 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Morse Sawgrass Cadillac (156 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sunrise, FL / 156 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    PREMIUM LUXURY PLATINUM DRIVER ASSIST TECH PKG ACTIVE SUSPENSION ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL PANORAMIC SUNROOF LEATHER 2ND ROW CAPTAINS CHAIRS 4RD ROW PWR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3MKL0MR268542
    Stock: 2GW200038
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 6,221 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Miami (International Mall) (172 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 172 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL4RR364960
    Stock: 26723097
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $35,000
    fair price
    $451 above market
    • 112,062 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Sanmi Auto Express (38 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 38 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKJ7KR161052
    Stock: 161052
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 15,591 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Morse Sawgrass Cadillac (156 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sunrise, FL / 156 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    TOURING PKG ACTIVE SUSPENSION 2ND ROW CAPTAINS CHAIRS 3RD ROW PWR RUNNING BOARDS LEATHER HEADS UP DISPLAY HANDS FREE TAILGATE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3MKL2RR225117
    Stock: 2SR280545A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • $64,990
    fair price
    $668 above market
    • 36,305 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Doral Lincoln (172 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 172 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Odometer is 27528 miles below market average! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Leather, Rear Backup Camera, Bluetooth, SYNC, Pa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3PKL2MR419317
    Stock: MR419317
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 14,257 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Huston Cadillac (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lake Wales, FL / 57 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL6PR313952
    Stock: 296420A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 22,817 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Brickell Mazda (179 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 179 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    Cadillac Certified | Clean CARFAX 🔥 2022 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport 4WD – Bold Luxury in Motion! 🔥Elevate your driving experience in this stunni...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4NKL4NR120012
    Stock: L4819
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 76,102 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 986 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKJ8KR321312
    Stock: 2003720839
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

    • 80,512 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 934 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKJ9KR294571
    Stock: 2003717510
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 98,193 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Kelley Buick GMC of Bartow (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bartow, FL / 45 miles away from Bradenton, FL

    CALL FOR VEHICLE LOCATION 8**-8**-6***, ASK ABOUT OUR DELIVERY OPTIONS.Black Raven 2019 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 4WD 10-Speed Automatic with Overd...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ0KR385926
    Stock: 25716A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

Showing 169 - 189 out of 371 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars54 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 54 reviews
  • 5 star
    (61%)
  • 4 star
    (26%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
4.88 out of 5 stars

A Great Luxury SUV

KMGHMG, 08/13/2010
2007 Cadillac Escalade ESV 4dr SUV AWD (6.2L 8cyl 6A)
I couldn't be more pleased with my 2007 Escalade ESV. I can't believe all the negative reviews. I have to think they're not all legit. It's very quiet, the ride is great, the interior and exterior are beautiful, it's solidly built, and it's very safe. We were just rear-ended by an F150 and all we had was a scratch on the rear bumper the size of my thumb. The F150 had $3,000+ damage. … We took a 3,500 mile road trip this summer from TX to the Rockies, and I assure you there is no finer road-trip machine. 17 mpg hwy. We've had one minor problem, which was a seal on the transfer case (under $100), and it has been back to the dealer for repair ONCE since new. This is 100% fact.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Bradenton, FL Values

Estimated values
2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$45,368$47,766$50,169
Clean$44,659$47,008$49,359
Average$43,478$45,744$48,010
Rough$41,942$44,100$46,256

The average list price of a used 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Bradenton, Florida is $53,695. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2021 for sale in Bradenton, Florida is 59,378. Based on the average mileage of 59,378 for used 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV for sale in Bradenton, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2021 in Bradenton, Florida to be $43,478.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.