Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
539 listings

Save with Porsche Cayenne rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

    • 15 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche North Scottsdale (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 116 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Black Leather, 10 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8-Way Power Seats, ABS brakes, Adaptive suspension, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: Siri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AYXSDA00647
    Stock: P14352
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-28-2024

    • 12 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche North Scottsdale (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 116 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Black Leather, 10 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8-Way Power Seats, ABS brakes, Adaptive suspension, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: Siri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY5SDA00832
    Stock: P14240
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-18-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 12,987 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of San Diego (367 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 367 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AYXRDA14266
    Stock: 68177A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

    • 33,008 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 17 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche North Scottsdale (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 116 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. Cayenne E-Hybrid Platinum Edition Leather Interior in Black/Bordeaux Red Jet Black Metallic Roof Rails in High Gloss Bl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AE2AYXNDA27064
    Stock: PP5021
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 4,181 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Irvine (409 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 409 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Black/Blackberry; Leather Seat Trim W/Two-Tone Leather InteriorLeather SeatsNavigation SystemLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerWhite...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY2SDA02439
    Stock: SDA02439
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-22-2025

    • 30,866 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Beverly Hills Porsche (455 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 455 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Premium Package, Panoramic Roof System, Lane Change Assist (LCA)The 2022 Porsche Cayenne AWD in Moonlight Blue Metallic showcases a refined balance of...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY5NDA02343
    Stock: U18113
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 83,264 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Paradise Automotive (403 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Juan Capistrano, CA / 403 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A24JKA01377
    Stock: A01377
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 30,294 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Sandia BMW (319 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 319 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Dolomite Silver Metallic exterior. Heated Leather Seats, NAV, Sunroof, Alloy Wheels, Panoramic Roof, All Wheel Drive. KEY FEATURES INCLUDELeather S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AF2AY0LDA39119
    Stock: LDA39119
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-09-2025

    • 29,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Downtown LA (445 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 445 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    CARFAX One-Owner. Certified. Porsche Details: * 111 Point Inspection * Limited Warranty: 24 Month/Unlimited Mile beginning after new car warranty...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY6PDA04864
    Stock: ZP8144M
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 09-12-2025

    • 29,546 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (403 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mission Viejo, CA / 403 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AYXRDA03106
    Stock: SA486202A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 6,948 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Woodland Hills (465 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Woodland Hills, CA / 465 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    2024 Porsche CayenneBlack Exterior | Standard Interior in BlackThe 2024 Porsche Cayenne in Black presents a commanding presence with a sleek and r...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY7RDA12913
    Stock: 350298
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche North Scottsdale (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 116 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Black Leather, 10 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8-Way Power Seats, ABS brakes, Adaptive suspension, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: Siri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY5SDA03651
    Stock: P14400
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-31-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche North Scottsdale (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 116 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Black Leather, 10 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8-Way Power Seats, ABS brakes, Adaptive suspension, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: Siri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY8SDA01733
    Stock: P14302
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-06-2024

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche North Scottsdale (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 116 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Black Leather, 10 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8-Way Power Seats, ABS brakes, Adaptive suspension, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: Siri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY6SDA02508
    Stock: P14409
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 54,060 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Newport Beach (418 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Newport Beach, CA / 418 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Premium PackageSport Chrono Package (8Lh)4-Zone Climate ControlFront Seat VentilationTowing Package W/O Hitch BallPanoramic RoofLeather SeatsNa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AG2AY1MDA33313
    Stock: MDA33313
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

    • 35,894 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Downtown LA (445 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 445 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. Porsche Details: * Vehicle History * 111 Point Inspection * Warranty Deductible: $0 * Transferable...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (19 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY0MDA09506
    Stock: ZP7974M
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

    • 72,759 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Toy Trucks Motorsports (324 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Coachella, CA / 324 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A24JKA01167
    Stock: TOY078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 40,386 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • South Bay BMW (447 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Torrance, CA / 447 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. White 2023 Porsche Cayenne AWD 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.0L V6 Red Leat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AY4PDA08315
    Stock: U36972P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 23,984 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Newport Beach (418 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Newport Beach, CA / 418 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    Moonlight Blue MetallicPanoramic RoofLeather SeatsNavigation SystemKeyless StartRear SpoilerThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2AYXPDA00638
    Stock: PDA00638
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 54,163 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 734 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A27JKA01342
    Stock: 2004076769
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 56,552 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Seaside, CA / 692 miles away from Tucson, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WP1AA2A21JKA01014
    Stock: JKA01014P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 295 - 315 out of 539 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Porsche Cayenne

Read recent reviews for the Porsche Cayenne
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars74 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 74 reviews
  • 5 star
    (78%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

More than I expected in a SUV

el415, 01/04/2011
2008 Porsche Cayenne Tiptronic 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 6A)
You wonder how they do it, other than you being high off of the ground you hardly notice the weight and size of this car. No it doesn't have Porsche speed, but it's plenty quick for any base luxury SUV. I had a Discovery 2 and a 540i. It really drives a like the 540i, but not as quick, it's very similar to a 528i or an Audi A6 3.0. As to the Disco, the Cayenne is far more nimbler and … much more responsive. It's a European sports sedan that's tall, big, and can go off-road (if that's important to you, check out videos on Youtube).
Report abuse

Used 2025 Porsche Cayenne in Tucson, AZ Values

Estimated values
2025 Porsche Cayenne 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
OutstandingN/AN/AN/A
CleanN/AN/AN/A
AverageN/AN/AN/A
RoughN/AN/AN/A

The average list price of a used 2025 Porsche Cayenne in Tucson, Arizona is $71,818. The average mileage on a used Porsche Cayenne 2025 for sale in Tucson, Arizona is 33,218. Based on the average mileage of 33,218 for used 2025 Porsche Cayenne for sale in Tucson, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Porsche Cayenne 2025 in Tucson, Arizona to be N/A.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.